(2)a. Oh, Jesus, John is so thrifty b. Oh, Jesus, John is so stingy (3)a. The path falls steeply into the valley b. The path climbs steeply out of the valley These sentences in each group describe the same situation, however, they never express the same thing because different structures spell different meanings(2) a. Oh, Jesus, John is so thrifty! b. Oh, Jesus, John is so stingy! (3) a. The path falls steeply into the valley. b. The path climbs steeply out of the valley. These sentences in each group describe ‘the same situation’; however, they never express the same thing, because different structures spell different meanings