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定语从句在句子中起形容词作用,修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从 句放在先行词之后,用下列关联词引导: that,which,who,whom,whose等(关系代词) when why等 (关系副词)。 一)定语从句的种类 定语从句按关联词的性质分,可分为两类:1、由关系代词引导的定语从句。2、由关系副词引导的 定语从句。 按定语从句与先行词的紧密程度分,也可分为两类:1、限制性定语从句。2、非限制性定语从句。 下面着重分析 限制性与非限制性定语从句。 限制性定语从句 这类定语从句是主句中先行词的不可缺少的定语,它们的关系十分密切,不能用逗号与主句隔开。 如: I want to have a look at the house that you bought last week. 我相看一看你上 一星期买下的那座房子 June is the month when we have a lot of rain. 六月是多雨的月份 非限制性 语从句 非限制性定语从句只对先行词作附加说明,关系不那么密切,用逗号隔开。 He bought a pen,which is red 他买了一支笔,是红色的。 有时一个定语从句文字上虽没变动,但在从句与先行词之间加上一个逗号就成了非限制性定语从 句,在意义上可能有很大差别。 He has a son who works in a university as日大 工作的儿 ,何能还有别的儿子不在大学工作) rsity 他 个儿子,在大学工作。 (只有这一个儿子) 二)有关关系代词的几个问题 1 在定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词常常省去。例收如: This is the room (that)he whitewashed 文就是他粥粉刷过的那间房子 e泰 个词时(作介词宾语时 般不用that,而用which或whom。例如 lot 从他身上你可以学到很多东西 3、当先行词被形容词最高级或some,few,any,no,only,much,last,frst等词修饰,或先行词是 everything,something,nothing,.all等词时,关系代词一般要用that,不用which。例如: Can you tell them something that can arouse their interest? 你能给他们讲一些能够引起他们兴趣的事情吗? This is all that has been provided. 这就是所提供的一切。 This is the best book that has been published this year 这是今年出版的最好的书, 练习: 61.Once they had fame,fortune,secure future: is utter poverty a.now that all I left b.now all that is left c.now all which is left d.now all what is left 62.He borrowed the novel had been torn.from John. a.the cover o that cover e got the driver's license 定语从句在句子中起形容词作用,修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。定语从 句放在先行词之后,用下列关联词引导: that, which, who, whom, whose 等(关系代词); when, where, why 等(关系副词)。 一) 定语从句的种类 定语从句按关联词的性质分,可分为两类:1、由关系代词引导的定语从句。2、由关系副词引导的 定语从句。 按定语从句与先行词的紧密程度分,也可分为两类:1、限制性定语从句。2、非限制性定语从句。 下面着重分析一下限制性与非限制性定语从句。 1、 限制性定语从句 这类定语从句是主句中先行词的不可缺少的定语,它们的关系十分密切,不能用逗号与主句隔开。 例如: I want to have a look at the house that you bought last week. 我想看一看你上一星期买下的那座房子。 June is the month when we have a lot of rain. 六月是多雨的月份。 2、 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句只对先行词作附加说明,关系不那么密切,用逗号隔开。 He bought a pen, which is red. 他买了一支笔,是红色的。 有时一个定语从句文字上虽没变动,但在从句与先行词之间加上一个逗号就成了非限制性定语从 句,在意义上可能有很大差别。 例如: He has a son who works in a university. 他有一个在大学工作的儿子。(可能还有别的儿子不在大学工作) He has a son ,who works in a university. 他有一个儿子,在大学工作。(只有这一个儿子) 二) 有关关系代词的几个问题 1、 在定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词常常省去。例如: This is the room (that) he whitewashed. 这就是他粉刷过的那间房子。 2、 当关系代词紧跟介词时(作介词宾语时),一般不用that, 而用which 或 whom 。例如: He is the man from whom you can learn a lot. 从他身上你可以学到很多东西。 3、 当先行词被形容词最高级或some, few, any, no, only, much, last, first 等词修饰,或先行词是 everything, something, nothing, all 等词时,关系代词一般要用that ,不用which 。例如: Can you tell them something that can arouse their interest? 你能给他们讲一些能够引起他们兴趣的事情吗? This is all that has been provided. 这就是所提供的一切。 This is the best book that has been published this year. 这是今年出版的最好的书。 练习: 61. Once they had fame, fortune, secure future; _ is utter poverty. a. now that all I left b. now all that is left c. now all which is left d. now all what is left 62. He borrowed the novel, _ had been torn, from John. a. the cover of whose b. that cover c. the cover of that d. the cover of which 63. John is the only student in the class _ got the driver's license
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