·(1)Primary Succession原生演替： begins in a virtually lifeless area (devoid of plant propagules and microbs)where soil has not yet been established.e.g.succession after volcanic eruption,landslide,glacier retreats(冰川撤退) 开始于原生裸地上（即从未有植物覆盖的地面，或原来存在 过植被，但已被彻底消灭，如冰川移动、流水沉积等)的 群落演替 It occurs very slowly at first 9 • (1) Primary Succession 原生演替 : begins in a virtually lifeless area begins in a virtually lifeless area （devoid of plant devoid of plant propagules propagules and microbs microbs）where soil has not yet where soil has not yet been established. been established. e.g. succession after volcanic eruption, landslide, glacier retreats (冰川撤退). 开始于原生裸地上(即从未有植物覆盖的地面，或原来存在 过植被，但已被彻底消灭，如冰川移动、流水沉积等）的 群落演替 • It occurs very slowly at first