Chapter 16 community succession 群落演替 1
1 Chapter 16 community succession 群落演替
4.1 What's succession P111 Succession is defined as a continuous. sequential change in the species composition of a natural community. 生物群落的演替是指 在某一地段上一种生 物群落被另一种生物 群落所取代的过程，它 是群落动态的一个最 重要的特征 n Pn and Shrubs Hardwood Plants and at8ognes Trees Grasses Time-
2 4.1 What’s succession Succession is defined as a continuous, sequential change in the species composition of a natural community. P111 生物群落的演替是指 在某一地段上一种生 物群落被另一种生物 群落所取代的过程,它 是群落动态的一个最 重要的特征
Sere ·Sere:a“unit'of succession 从生物侵入开始直至顶极群落的整个顺序演变过程构成一个 演替系列 。 Seral stage:each community type within the sere -Pioneer community:the first seral stage先锋群落 Seral Community/Successional Community the intermediate stages 生群落 -Climax community:the final seral stage顶极群落 It usually takes an area 500-1000 years to go from pioneer to climax seral stages. 3
3 • Sere: a “unit” of succession 从生物侵入开始直至顶极群落的整个顺序演变过程构成一个 演替系列. • Seral stage: each community type within the sere – Pioneer community: the first seral stage 先锋群落 – Seral Community/ Successional Community : the intermediate stages 中 生群落 – Climax community: the final seral stage 顶极群落 • It usually takes an area 500–1000 years to go from pioneer to climax seral stages. Sere
Early successional Late successional species: species:pioneer climax communities communities High growth rate Slower growth rate Small size Larger size Wide dispersal Lower rates of dispersal ·Fast population Lower rates of colonization growth 。 Longer lives
4 Early successional species: pioneer communities • High growth rate • Small size • Wide dispersal • Fast population growth Late successional species: climax communities • Slower growth rate • Larger size • Lower rates of dispersal • Lower rates of colonization • Longer lives
What is Climax Community? 顶极群落 .A climax community is a more or less permanent and final stage of a particular succession. 顶极群落：演替最终的成熟群落.每一演替系列都是由先锋阶 段开始，经过不同的演替阶段，到达中生状态的最终演替阶 段（群落类型）。 Climax communities are characterized by slow rates of change,compared with more dynamic, earlier stages. They are dominated by species tolerant of competition for resources. 5
5 •A climax community is a more or less permanent and final stage of a particular succession. 顶极群落：演替最终的成熟群落. 每一演替系列都是由先锋阶 段开始，经过不同的演替阶段，到达中生状态的最终演替阶 段(群落类型)。 • Climax communities are characterized by slow rates of change, compared with more dynamic, earlier stages. • They are dominated by species tolerant of competition for resources. What is Climax Community? 顶极群落
4.2 factors controlling succession 控制演替的主要因素 plant seed migration,dispersal;animal activities Environmental changes inside/outside the communities (e.g.fire,wind,water.) Intraspecific/interspecific relationship changes farming practices/land management 6
6 plant seed migration, dispersal; animal activities Environmental changes inside/outside the communities (e.g. fire, wind, water.) Intraspecific/interspecific relationship changes farming practices/ land management 4.2 factors controlling succession 控制演替的主要因素
4.3 The causes of plant succession Autogenic自发：Habitat biotic factor e.g.replacement P207 -208 of existing community by the next results from the afterlife effects of the former that makes the habitat unsuitable to continue.通过群落自身对环境的反作用使环境条件发生 变化，由于这些变化了的条件的作用形成了新的群落而引起演替 Allogenic.异发楂：Habitat abiotic factors such as soil parent material,pH,nutrients drives the direction of succession.e.g.filling of a lake with sediment and the further modified by the colonizing.plants.由于受到野火、采 伐、育林、洪水、火山活动等来自群落以外的作用所引起的演楂。 Biogenic生物进化演替：Vhen a sudden interference with an autogenic and allogenic succession by a living organism that becomes a major agent of succession e.g. herbivore,insect infestation etc.生物之活动扮演着重要关键角色 而引发的演替
7 4.3 The causes of plant succession Autogenic自发演替: Habitat biotic factor e.g. replacement of existing community by the next results from the afterlife effects of the former that makes the habitat unsuitable to continue.通过群落自身对环境的反作用使环境条件发生 变化, 由于这些变化了的条件的作用形成了新的群落而引起演替 Allogenic异发演替 : Habitat abiotic factors such as soil parent material, pH, nutrients drives the direction of succession. e.g. filling of a lake with sediment and the further modified by the colonizing plants.由于受到野火、采 伐、育林、洪水、火山活动等来自群落以外的作用所引起的演替。 Biogenic生物进化演替 : When a sudden interference with an autogenic and allogenic succession by a living organism that becomes a major agent of succession e.g. herbivore, insect infestation etc.生物之活动扮演着重要关键角色 而引发的演替 P207 -208
4.4 Classification of Succession Based on the initial condition (living propagules) 按演替的起始条件划分为： Consists of 2 types: ·Primary Succession原生演替 ·Secondary Succession次生演替 Primary Succession Time Pionee community mgnie Climax ommunity Exposed rocks hite spruce Secondary Succession after disturbance:a bereal Paper birch forest one(left)and two years(right)after a wildfire
8 • Consists of 2 types: • Primary Succession 原生演替 • Secondary Succession 次生演替 4.4 Classification of Succession Based on the initial condition (living propagules) 按演替的起始条件划分为: Secondary Succession after disturbance: a boreal forest one (left) and two years (right) after a wildfire
·(1)Primary Succession原生演替： begins in a virtually lifeless area (devoid of plant propagules and microbs)where soil has not yet been established.e.g.succession after volcanic eruption,landslide,glacier retreats(冰川撤退) 开始于原生裸地上（即从未有植物覆盖的地面，或原来存在 过植被，但已被彻底消灭，如冰川移动、流水沉积等)的 群落演替 It occurs very slowly at first
9 • (1) Primary Succession 原生演替 : begins in a virtually lifeless area begins in a virtually lifeless area （devoid of plant devoid of plant propagules propagules and microbs microbs）where soil has not yet where soil has not yet been established. been established. e.g. succession after volcanic eruption, landslide, glacier retreats (冰川撤退). 开始于原生裸地上(即从未有植物覆盖的地面，或原来存在 过植被，但已被彻底消灭，如冰川移动、流水沉积等）的 群落演替 • It occurs very slowly at first
Primary seres原生演替系列 ·Xeroseres旱生演替系：Beginning in dry (Xeric)site eg.bare rock surface 从干旱缺水的基质（如：裸露的岩石表面）开始的群落演替过程 ·Hydroseres水生演替系：Beginning in wet (hydric)site.eg.pond,lake,bog. 演替开始于水生环境中（如淡水湖或池塘）的群落演替过程。 10
10 Primary seres 原生演替系列 • Xeroseres旱生演替系列: Beginning in dry (Xeric) site eg. bare rock surface 从干旱缺水的基质 (如：裸露的岩石表面 )开始的群落演替过程 • Hydroseres 水生演替系列: Beginning in wet (hydric) site. eg. pond, lake, bog. 演替开始于水生环境中 (如淡水湖或池塘 )的群落演替过程