Chapter 3 Autecology (个体生态学
Chapter 3 Chapter 3 Autecology Autecology （个体生态学
Contents What is autecology (Physiological Ecology) Liebig's law of the minimum 。Law of tolerance ●Ecological Factors,Ecotypes生态型
Contents Contents • What is autecology (Physiological Ecology) • Liebig's law of the minimum • Law of tolerance • Ecological Factors, Ecotypes 生态型
Autecology Autecology is the name given to ecological studies which concentrate on one species (autos is the Greek for self)
Autecology Autecology Autecology is the name given to ecological studies which concentrate on one species (autos is the Greek for self)
Autecology How organisms adapt themselves the environment; 生物如何适应环境 How environmental factors influence the establishment,growth,and survival of the individuals. 环境如何影响生物
Autecology Autecology z How organisms adapt themselves the environment; 生物如何适应环境 z How environmental factors influence the establishment, growth, and survival of the individuals. 环境如何影响生物
There are an estimated 30-40 million species in existence today.Very few of these have as yet been studied sufficiently for us to understand much of their autecology
There are an estimated 30-40 million species in existence today. Very few of these have as yet been studied sufficiently for us to understand much of their autecology
Ecological Factors(生态因子) Definition:Factors influencing the establishment,growth,and survival of the individual. >Abiotic Factors-all of the nonliving parts in an ecosystem (climatic,physiographic, edaphic土壤.) >Biotic Factors-all of the living factors in an ecosystem
Ecological Factors Ecological Factors (生态因子 ) Definition: Factors influencing the establishment, growth, and survival of the individual. ¾Abiotic Factors- all of the nonliving parts in an ecosystem (climatic, physiographic, edaphic土壤.) ¾Biotic Factors-all of the living factors in an ecosystem
Ljebig's law of the minimum 李比西最小因子定律 Justus Leibig (1840)-plant nutrients and growth Liebig's law of the minimum -production of an organism is limited by that substance which is in least supply relative to the demands of the organism 植物的生长取决于数量最不足的那一种营养元素。这种元素不 但直接限制植物生长，同时也会限制其他因子的效应
Justus Leibig (1840) - plant nutrients and growth Liebig's law of the minimum - production of an organism is limited by that substance which is in least supply relative to the demands of the organism 植物的生长取决于数量最不足的那一种营养元素。这种元素不 但直接限制植物生长，同时也会限制其他因子的效应。 Liebig ‘s law of the minimum of the minimum 李比西最小因子定律 李比西最小因子定律
Liebig used the image of a barrel- now called Liebig's barrel(木桶) The capacity of the barrel is limited by the length of its shortest stave(窄板) The yield potential of a crop is like a barrel with staves of unequal length. When that stave is lengthened. another one becomes the limiting factor
• Liebig used the image of a barrel— now called Liebig‘s barrel （木桶） • The capacity of the barrel is limited by the length of its shortest stave (窄板） • The yield potential of a crop is like a barrel with staves of unequal length. When that stave is lengthened, another one becomes the limiting factor
Some subsidiary补充principles 1.Organisms may have a wide range of tolerance for one factor and a narrow range for another. 2.Organisms with wide ranges of tolerance for limiting factors are likely to be most widely distributed. 3.When conditions are not optimal for a species with respect to one ecological factor,the limits of tolerance may be reduced for other ecological factors
Some subsidiary Some subsidiary 补充 principles principles 1. Organisms may have a wide range of tolerance for one factor and a narrow range for another. 2. Organisms with wide ranges of tolerance for limiting factors are likely to be most widely distributed. 3. When conditions are not optimal for a species with respect to one ecological factor, the limits of tolerance may be reduced for other ecological factors
Some subsidiary principles 4. Organisms in nature are not actually living at the optimum range of a particular physical factor. 5.Reproduction is usually a critical period when environmental factors are most likely to be limiting. 6.Factor Compensation
Some subsidiary principles Some subsidiary principles 4. Organisms in nature are not actually living at the optimum range of a particular physical factor. 5. Reproduction is usually a critical period when environmental factors are most likely to be limiting. 6. Factor Compensation