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J Power Sources, 2003, 115(1): 66 [7] Li H, Tang Y H, Wang Z W, et al. A review of water flooding issues in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power Sources, 2008, 178(1): 103 [8] Réguillet V, Vaudrey A, Moutin S, et al. Definition of efficiency criteria for a fuel cell humidifier: Application to a low power proton exchange membrane fuel cell system for negative surrounding temperatures. Appl Therm Eng, 2013, 58(1-2): 382 [9] Casalegno A, De Antonellis S, Colombo L, et al. Design of an innovative enthalpy wheel based humidification system for polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Int J Hydrog Energy, 2011, 36(8): 5000 [10] Pourrahmani H, Moghimi M, Siavashi M. Thermal management in PEMFCs: The respective effects of porous media in the gas flow channel. Int J Hydrog Energy, 2019, 44(5): 3121 [11] Pourrahmani H, Moghimi M, Siavashi M, et al. Sensitivity analysis and performance evaluation of the PEMFC using wave-like porous ribs. 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Energy Equip Syst, 2014, 2(1): 83 [22] Sabharwal M, Duelk C, Bhatia D. Two-dimensional modeling of a cross flow plate and frame membrane humidifier for fuel cell applications. J Membr Sci, 2012, 409-410: 285 [23] Khazaee I, Sabadbafan H. Effect of humidity content and direction of the flow of reactant gases on water management in the 4- serpentine and 1-serpentine flow channel in a PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell. Energy, 2016, 101: 252 [24] Cahalan T, Rehfeldt S, Bauer M, et al. Experimental set-up for analysis of membranes used in external membrane humidification of PEM fuel cells. Int J Hydrog Energy, 2016, 41(31): 13666 [25] Hwang J J, Chang W R, Kao J K, et al. Experimental study on performance of a planar membrane humidifier for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. J Power Sources, 2012, 215: 69 [26] Chen C Y, Su J H, Ali H M, et al. Effect of channel structure on the performance of a planar membrane humidifier for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Int J Heat Mass Transf, 2020, 163: 120522 [27] Bao C, Bessler W G. Two-dimensional modeling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with long flow channel. Part I. Model development. J Power Sources, 2015, 275: 922 [28] · 8 · 工程科学学报,第 44 卷,第 X 期