INTRODUCTION a group of friends who took him to the house of Polemarchus, brother of the orator Lysias. a A goodly brother was assembled there, Lysias and a younger Euthydemus--yea, and Thrasymachus of Chalcedon, Charmantides of the deme Paiania, Cleitophon, and conspicuous among them the venerable Cephalus, crowned from a recent sacrifice nd a prefiguring type of the happy old age of the ust man. A conversation springs up which Socrates guides to an inquiry into the definition and nature of justice($30 D, 831 C, 3S2 B) and to the conclusion that the conventional Greek formula,"Help your friends and harm your enemies," cannot be right (835 E-886 A), since it is not the function (eyou, 335 D) f the good man to do evil to any hist See Lysias in any classical dictionary. He returned asaCs se inferred with certain eredsamkeit, i. p 347)infers from Lysias, 12. 16 that Polem- onkessatisided het as hen sh sosias taPes do part in the noted Phaedr. 266 c Zelle PI 4 Apparently a partisan of Thrasymachus. His name is tion 邮 Cf. 329 D, 331 A with 613 B-c.INTRODUCTION a group of friends who took him to the house of Polemarchus, brother of the orator Lysias." A goodly company was assembled there, Lysias and a younger brother Euthydemus—yea, and Thrasymachus of Chalcedon,* Charmantides of the deme Paiania,'' Cleitophon,'* and conspicuous among them the venerable Cephalus, cro^\•ned from a recent sacrifice and a prefiguring t\"pe of the happy old age of the just man.* A conversation springs up which Socrates guides to an inquiry into the definition and nature y of justice (330 d, 331 c, 332 b) and to the conclusion that the conventional Greek formula, " Help your friends and harm your enemies," cannot be right (335 E-336 a), since it is not the function (epyov, 335 d) of the good man to do evil to any. The sophist " See Lysias in any classical dictionary. He returned to Athens from Thurii circa 413 b.c. Polemarchus was the older brother. He was a student of philosophy {Phaedr. 257 b). Whether he lived with Cephalus or Cephalus with him cannot be inferred with certainty. Lysias perhaps had a separate house at the Peiraeus (c/. Phaedr. 227 b). The family owned three houses in 404 B.C. (Lysias, Or. 12. lS),andBlass{Attische Beredsamkeit, i. p. 347) infers from Lysias, 12. 16 that Polem￾archus resided at Athens. Lysias takes no part in the conversation. He was no philosopher {^Phaedr. 257 b). * A noted sophist and rhetorician. Cf. Phaedr. 266 c, Zeller*, i. pp. 1321 ff. ; Blass, Attische Beredsamkeit^, i. pp. 244-258; Sidgwick, Jc-Mrn. o/ PA//. (English), v. pp. 78-79, who denies that Thrasymachus was, properly speaking, a sophist ; Diels, Fragmented, ii. pp. 276-282. ' Blass, op. cit. ii. p. 19. '* Apparently a partisan of Thrasymachus. His name is given to a short, probably spurious, dialogue, of which the main thought is that Socrates, though excellent in exhorta￾tion or protreptic, is totally lacking in a positive and coherent philosophy. Grote and others have conjectured it to be a discarded introduction to the Republic. • Cf. 329 D, 331 A with 613 b-c