1776 177683 1781 1787 1803 1812-14 1820 1830 1845 1846-481850 1854 1857 1861-65 6.1.4 all of Louisiana(2)▲ Oregon Country ILLINOIS TERR 1809) MICH Louisiana TERR 1805) Purchase IND OHIO 1803 TERR (1803) (1809) nited Spain Π55I5SPPI TERR 1804) The Louisiana Purchase,18036.1.4 all of Louisiana (2) ▲ • According to his Strict–Constructionist doctrine, the treaty itself was unconstitutional, because, if the federal government possessed no power not expressly expressly清楚地 granted, the President had no power to increase the national domain by treaty. Indeed, Jefferson began drawing up constitutional amendment authorizing the acquisition of Louisiana, but ratification would take time and Livingston urged haste. In the end In the end, Jefferson’s constitutional scruples scruples审慎 vanished, pragmatism pragmatism实用主 义 triumphed over theory, and he furnished himself with Hamilton’s Broad–Constructionist interpretation of the Constitution and sent the treaty to the Senate for ratification. Approved by the Senate, the American ministers haggled haggled讨价还价 over a few details, took a deep breath, and agreed to purchase Louisiana for approximately $15 million $15 million