1776 1776-83 1781 17871803 1812-141820 1830 18451846-48 1850185418571861-65 Chapter 6.Manifest Destiny Chronological Landmarks 6.1 The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 6.2 The War of1812(1812-1814) 6.3 The Missouri Compromise (1820) 6.4 The Monroe Doctrine (1823) 6.5 The Indian Removal Act (1830) 6.6 Transcendentalism (1836) 6.7 The Annexation of Texas (1845)
Chapter 6. Manifest Destiny Chronological Landmarks 6.1 The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 6.2 The War of 1812 (1812–1814) 6.3 The Missouri Compromise (1820) 6.4 The Monroe Doctrine (1823) 6.5 The Indian Removal Act (1830) 6.6 Transcendentalism (1836) 6.7 The Annexation of Texas (1845)
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Chronological Landmarks • 1797–1801John Adams (1735–1826) as the Second President • 1801–1809Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) as the Third President • 1803The Louisiana Purchase • 1809–1817James Madison (1751–1836) as the Fourth President • 1812–1814 The War of 1812 • 1814 The Treaty of Ghent • 1814Napoleon Abdicates • 1817–1825James Monroe (1758–1831) as the Fifth President • 1820The Missouri Compromise • 1821Independence of Mexico • 1823The Monroe Doctrine • 1825–1829John Quincy Adam (1767–1848) as the Sixth President • 1829–1837Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) as the Seventh President • 1830 Indian Removal Act • 1837–1841Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) as the Eighth President • 1838 The Trail of Tears • 1841–1841William Henry Harrison (1773–1841) as the Ninth President • 1841–1845John Tyler (1790 - 1862) as the Tenth President • 1845–1849James K. Polk (1795–1849) as the 11th President • 1845The Annexation of Texas
1776177683 1781 17871803 1812-141820 183018451846-48185018541857 1861-65 6.1 The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 6.1.1 Right of Deposit▲ 6.1.2 Napoleon Bonaparte▲ 6.1.3 Thomas Jefferson▲ 6.1.4 all of Louisiana▲ 6.1.5 Louisiana Purchase▲
6.1 The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 6.1.1 Right of Deposit ▲ 6.1.2 Napoleon Bonaparte ▲ 6.1.3 Thomas Jefferson ▲ 6.1.4 all of Louisiana ▲ 6.1.5 Louisiana Purchase ▲
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6.1.1 Right of Deposit ▲ • The Louisiana Territory encompassed encompassed包括 a vast, largely unexplored tract of western land, and it defined the western border of the United States along the Mississippi from the Gulf of Mexico to present–day Minnesota. At the mouth of the Mississippi lay the territory’s most valuable property in terms of commerce, the port of New Orleans, known as “The Crescent City” (新月 城)because of its location within a bend of the river. Since American independence, Louisiana had held a special place in the young nation’s expansionist dream. Although Spain acquired it from France in 1763, hundreds of thousands of Americans in search of land kept swarming to this large unpopulated area. In a treaty of 1795, Spain agreed to give the United States the Right of Right of Deposit Deposit at New Orleans, which allowed the American settlers to ship all of their surplus goods盈余产品 by boat down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico
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6.1.2 Napoleon Bonaparte (1) ▲ • 1n 1789, the French Revolution took place. To stop the spread of revolution, European rulers of some other nations declared war on France. As France battled these nations, a young army officer Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), rose to power and seized control of the French government in 1799. Napoleon dreamed of building a great empire based on France’s West Indies colony of Santo Domingo(多米尼加首都), and on the vast North American territory of Louisiana, using the Mississippi Valley as a food and trade center to feed the slaves on the sugar–rich island of Hispaniola (海地岛 )
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6.1.2 Napoleon Bonaparte (2) ▲ • In 1800 to 1801, Napoleon secretly forced the weak Spanish government to cede割让 the great tract back to France in several pacts, and gave Spain a quid pro quo (交换物) in shape of support for Spanish ambitions in Italy. In 1802, the Spanish government suddenly suspended the American Right of Deposit at New Orleans, and Americans could no longer bring goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans and deposit them there for transshipment. Americans trembled with apprehension apprehension忧惧and indignation indignation 愤怒at the news. Every eye in the United States was then focused on the affairs of Louisiana
James Monroe (1758-1831) Robert Livingston (1746-1813)
• Thomas Jefferson learned about the transfer of Louisiana Territory soon after coming into office in 1801. He wanted to stay out of European affairs, but he could not ignore the concerns of the West. Nevertheless, Jefferson remained serene平静的and imperturbable imperturbable沉着冷静and was not to be rushed into precipitate precipitate贸然轻率action. His annual report in the congress breathed platitudes platitudes陈词滥调of peace, friendship, and economy. Yet he immediately began strengthening fortifications fortifications防御in the West and preparing for the worst. He asked and obtained from Congress an appropriation of $2 million and sent James Monroe (1758–1831) as envoy extraordinary to help Robert R. Livingston (1746–1813), American Minister in Paris, to buy New Orleans and Florida from Na poleon. 6.1.3 Thomas Jefferson (1) ▲ Robert Livingston (1746–1813) James Monroe (1758–1831)
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6.1.3 Thomas Jefferson (2) ▲ • If the purchase was impossible, they would try to obtain a guarantee of the Right of Deposit; if France would grant nothing and retained clearly hostile intentions toward the United States, they would cross the Channel to seek a defensive alliance with Great Britain, marrying the United States to the British fleet and nation. In the meantime, however, Napoleon Napoleon lost his interest in Louisiana, since the prospect of an American American –British alliance British alliance might well mean British conquest of Louisiana. Besides, Napoleon’s ambition to re–establish the French empire in the western hemisphere was greatly discouraged by a military a military disaster disaster in French in French –ruled Haiti ruled Haiti, where a great insurgency insurgency 叛乱and yellow fever黄热病 together decimated decimated毁灭 a French force of 24,000 men. He therefore resolved to fill his treasury by selling the region selling the region to the Americans to prepare for the war looming again in Europe, to put Louisiana beyond the reach of the British, and to bid for 投 标 the friendship of the United States
1776 1776-83 1781 1787 18031812-141820 18301845 1846-481850 18541857 1861-65 6.1.4 all of Louisiana( (1)▲
6.1.4 all of Louisiana (1) ▲ • In April 1803, Napoleon offered to sell not just New Orleans, but all of Louisiana all of Louisiana, to the United States. This proposal flabbergasted flabbergasted 使目瞪口呆Livingston and Monroe. On the one hand, their instructions from Washington said nothing about acquiring all of Louisiana; and they certainly had not been authorized to spend what the French demanded. On the other, here was an unprecedented opportunity to expand the boundaries of the United States dramatically. When a letter arrived from Livingston urging immediate ratification ratification批准 of a treaty for the purchase before Napoleon might withdraw the offer as suddenly as he had made it, Jefferson found the legality of the act deeply troubling