Chapter 13.The Cold War 13.1 The Iron Curtain (1946) 13.2 The Korean War (1950-1953) 13.3 Army-McCarthy Hearings (1954) 13.4 Brown v.Topeka (1954) 13.5 Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) 13.6 Students for a Democratic Society (1962) 13.7 Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Chapter 13. The Cold War Cold War 13.1 The Iron Curtain (1946) 13.2 The Korean War (1950–1953) 13.3 Army–McCarthy Hearings (1954) 13.4 Brown v. Topeka (1954) 13.5 Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) 13.6 Students for a Democratic Society (1962) 13.7 Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Chronological Landn 1945-1953:Harry S.Truman a 。1946:“Iron Curtain”Speech by 33 1946-1991:The Cold War Harry S.Truman 1945-1953 1947:The Truman Doctrine on M 1947:The Marshall Plan in Dece 1950-1953:The Korean War 1952-1961:Dwight D.Eisenhov 1954:The Brown v.Board of Edu 34. 1954:The Army-McCarthy Heari Dwight D.Eisenhower 1953-1961 1955:Disneyland Opened 1955:The Montgomery Bus Boy 1961-1963:John F.Kennedy a 1962:The Cuban Missile Crisis 35 John F.Kennedy 1961-1963
Chronological Landmarks in America • 1945–1953: Harry S. Truman as the 33rd President • 1946: “Iron Curtain” Speech by Winston Churchill • 1946–1991: The Cold War • 1947: The Truman Doctrine on March 12 • 1947: The Marshall Plan in December • 1950–1953: The Korean War • 1952–1961: Dwight D. Eisenhower as the 34th President • 1954: The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka • 1954: The Army–McCarthy Hearings • 1955: Disneyland Opened • 1955: The Montgomery Bus Boycott in December • 1961–1963: John F. Kennedy as the 35th President • 1962: The Cuban Missile Crisis in October
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In Europe: 1922–1953:Joseph Stalin as General Secretary of the Soviet Union • 1948:The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic • 1949:The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Founded in April • 1949:The Soviet First Atomic Bomb in September • 1951–1955:Sir Winston Churchill as the British Prime Minster • 1955–1964:Nikita Khrushchev as head of the Soviet Union • 1957–1993:The European Economic Community (EEC) Founded • 1957:The Soviet’s the First Satellite Sputnik into Orbit Around the Earth • 1958:The Berlin Wall Built in August In China: 1945–1976:Mao Zedong as Chairman of the CPC • 1949:The establishment of the PRC on October 1 • 1950:The Chinese People’s Volunteer Army Deployed to Aid North Korea • 1951:Tibet Liberated in Peace • 1954:The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China • 1957–1958:The Anti-Rightist Struggle • 1958–1960:The Great Leap Forward • 1958:The Rise of the Rural People's Communes in August • 1958-1979:The Bombardment of Jinmen, Taiwan • 1959:The Conference on Mount Lu • 1960:The Rupture of the Sino–Soviet Relationship
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13.1 The Iron Curtain Iron Curtain (1946) • In March 1946, Winston Churchill delivered a long speech in Futon, Missouri, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere
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The Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine • In early March of 1947, a communist–led uprising threatened the Greek government; at the same time, the Soviet Union demanded for some control of Turkey’s Dardanelles. On March 12, 1947, Truman spoke to the Congress and set forth what became known as the Truman Doctrine. The President asked Congress for $400 million in economic and military aid to assist the “free people” of Greece and Turkey against “totalitarian” (极权主义者) regimes
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The Marshall Plan • Secretary of State George Marshall (1880– 1959) saw clearly that piecemeal relief and patchwork policy would not suffice. In December 1947, Truman submitted to Congress the Marshall Plan. In 1948, an aid of $12 billion was approved for distribution to the countries of Western Europe over a four– year period. To stimulate business at home, the legislation provided that the foreign aid dollars must be spent in USA on American– made products
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The Berlin Airlift, 1948 • In 1948, US, France, and Britain decided to found the Federal Republic of Germany. In June, the Soviets reacted by cutting off Western land access to the city of Berlin that sat well inside the Soviet zone. In response, Truman ordered U.S. planes to fly in supplies to the people of West Berlin. The Berlin Airlift lasted almost a year. In May 1949, the German Democratic Republic. In April 1949, the United States, Canada, and many western European nations founded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
金日成 李承晚 (1912-1994) (1875-1965)
13.2 The Korean War (1950–1953) • In August 1945, the Soviet Union agreed to accept the surrender of the Japanese in Korea north of 38°North Latitude, the 38th Parallel 38th Parallel, and the United States was to accept the surrender below that line. • In May 1948, the South Koreans proclaimed the Republic of Korea in August 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as their President, and the North Koreans formed the rival Democratic People’s Republic and chose as their leader the communist Kim Il–Sung
The PRC U.N.Secu ·On June25,1950,N Yalu River across the 38th Paral raids.claimed that the masterminded the No Pyongyang President Truman's u Security Council me 38° of nine to zero that N Seoul accountable for the br Inchon ·The UN forces were American troops mad General Douglas Ma put in supreme comm Pusan
U.N. Security Council • On June 25, 1950, North Korea sent its forces across the 38th Parallel in reprisal for border raids. claimed that the Soviets had masterminded the North Korean attack. At President Truman’s urgent request, the U.N. Security Council met and concluded by a vote of nine to zero that North Korea was accountable for the breach of peace. • The UN forces were dispatched, of which American troops made up about 90 percent, and General Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964) was put in supreme command
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Amphibious Assault • 1950, MacArthur reversed the war by launching a significant amphibious assault at Inchon behind the North Korean lines, a full–scale offensive then drove the North Koreans back toward the 38th Parallel. • Taking advantage of their momentary military superiority, U.N. forces pushed across the 38th Parallel on October 9, 1950 October 9, 1950, and pressed on toward the Yalu River Yalu River, the boundary between North Korea and the PRC
