14921534 1588160716201754-6017651770 17731774 1776 1776831781 1787 Chapter 4.The Declaration of Independence 4.1 The Boston Massacre (1770) 4.2 The Boston Tea Party (1773) 4.3 Benjamin Franklin Dressed Down (1774) 4.4 The First Continental Congress (1774) 4.5 Common Sense (1776) 4.6 Declaration of Independence (1776) 4.7 American Advantages and Disadvantages
Chapter 4. The Declaration of Independence 4.1 The Boston Massacre (1770) 4.2 The Boston Tea Party (1773) 4.3 Benjamin Franklin Dressed Down (1774) 4.4 The First Continental Congress (1774) 4.5 Common Sense (1776) 4.6 Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence (1776) 4.7 American Advantages and Disadvantages
George III (George William Frederick)(1738- 1820)was King of Great Britain(1760-1820)
The Colonies Under British Rule • The British colonists saw the year 1763 as a great watershed (分水岭) in American history. After the French and Indian War, the Peace of Paris gave all the lands between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River to Britain. no one doubted that the America of the future would be British. • In fact, the various colonies had no ties with each other except through London and their shared London and their shared British identity British identity. The Americans were particularly proud of being governed under the “British constitution ” that is, Britain's form of government, which divided power among the King, Lords, and King, Lords, and Commons Commons, considered the best considered the best mankind had ever devised for the protection of liberty by the Americans and many enlightened Europeans. George III (George William Frederick) (1738– 1820) was King of Great Britain (1760– 1820)
14921534 1588160716201754-6017651770 1773177 417761776-8317811787 Townshend Acts(1767)《汤森德法》 In 1767.Charles Towns new British Prime Ministe Townshend Acts,accor Parliament enacted new on colonial imports of tea The law required that the used to pay crown official making them independen assemblies that had prev salaries
Townshend Acts (1767)《汤森德法》 • In 1767, Charles Townshend Charles Townshend (1725–1767), the new British Prime Minister proposed the Townshend Acts Townshend Acts, according to which Parliament enacted new duties to be collected on colonial imports of tea, glass, and paper tea, glass, and paper. The law required that the revenues raised be used to pay crown officials in the colonies, thus making them independent of the colonial assemblies that had previously paid their salaries
149215341588160716201754-60 Sam ·In early1768,S& 1803)wrote the Letter and sent legislature.This without represe self-governanc making governo independent of t
Samuel Adams • In early 1768, Samuel Adams (1722– 1803) wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter and sent copies to every colonial legislature. This letter denounced taxation without representation and the threat to self–governance posed by Parliament’s making governors and royal officials independent of the legislatures
14921534 1588160716201754-60176517701773177417761776-8317811787 Non-importation Non-consumption In August 1768 when Boston merchants adopted a Non-Importation agreement, the tactic spread southward.Besides Non-Importation,American leaders encouraged Non-Consumption of the items taxed in the Townshend Acts.With this movements there appeared Sons of Liberty
Non-importation Non-consumption • In August 1768 when Boston merchants adopted a Non–Importation agreement, the tactic spread southward. Besides Non–Importation, American leaders encouraged Non–Consumption of the items taxed in the Townshend Acts. With this movements there appeared Sons of Sons of Liberty Liberty
Daughters of Liberty • Calling themselves Daughters of Liberty Daughters of Liberty, upper–class female patriots assumed a unique role at this point. “a fighting army of amazons女战士 armed with spinning wheels.” Spinning bees not only helped to undermine the masculine prejudice that women had no place in public life but also endowed spinning and weaving, previously considered routine tasks, with political virtues
The BLOaDY MASSACRE perpetmatedin King-i-Street BOSTON onMard5oapattyof the 29REGT HALL
Boston Massacre • On the night of March 5, 1770, a crowd gathered around the customs house for the sport of heckling激烈质问 its guard of 10 soldiers. When an officer tried to disperse (疏散) the crowd, the mob responded with a barrage弹幕射击 of flying objects. The redcoats panicked and fended off fended off (v.挡开) insults and snowballs with live fire, hitting 11 rioters (聚众闹事者) and killing five. Labeling the bloodshed “the Boston Massacre Boston Massacre,” Samuel Adams orchestrated组织 a martyrs’ funeral for the victims and used the occasion to solidify American opposition to British authority
4.2 Boston Tea Party: Gaspee • On June 9, 1772 , the Gaspee, a British customs schooner纵帆船in hot pursuit of Rhode Island smugglers got stuck in the mud, thus was burnt to the waterline the colonials
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civil right of trial by a local jury • London dispatched a commission with instructions to send all suspects to England for trial. Although the investigation failed to identify any raiders, colonials took alarm at 对 …震惊the government’s intent to rob them of the civil right of trial by a local jury
14921534158816071620 1754-60176517701773177417761776-8317811787 the Tea Act In May 1773, British East India Company India Company Indian States Act,which elir Boundary of present-day India tea entering E selling price t Pla Maratha 。but The Tea A Confederacy who recognize Hyderabad Arabian 的attempt b, Sea Bay of Bengal seduce Am Mysore 0 Parliamentary Travancore frivolous无关
the Tea Act • In May 1773, to save the beleaguered East India Company, Parliament passed the Tea Act, which eliminated all import duties on tea entering England and thus lowering the selling price to consumers. • but The Tea Act alarmed many Americans, who recognized in this act a nefarious邪恶 的 attempt by the British government to seduce Americans into accepting Parliamentary taxation in return for a frivolous无关紧要的 luxury