Figure 9.4.4 Typical magnetization curve without hysteresis.For typical 103H ferromagnetic solids,the saturation flux density is in the range of 1-2 Tesla.For ferromagnetic domains suspended in a liquid,it is .02-.04 Tesla. Courtesy of Hermann A.Haus and James R.Melcher.Used with permission. tB (c) Figure 9.4.6 Magnetization characteristic (d) for material showing hysteresis with typical b values of Br and He given in Table 9.4.2. (d) The curve is obtained after many cycles of sinusoidal excitation in apparatus such as that of Figure 9.4.3.The trajectory is traced out in response to a sinusoidal current,as shown by the inset. Courtesy of Hermann A.Haus and James R.Melcher.Used with permission. Figure 9.4.5 Polycrystalline ferromagnetic material viewed at the domain level.In applied the absence of an applied magnetic field, the domain moments tend to cancel.(This eld presumes that the material has not been left in a magnetized state by a previously applied field.)As a field is applied,the domain walls shift,giving rise to a net magnetization.In ideal materials,saturation results as all of the domains combine into one.In materials used for bulk fabrication of transformers,imperfections prevent the realization of this state. Courtesy of Hermann A.Haus and James R.Melcher.Used with permission. 6.641,Electromagnetic Fields,Forces,and Motion Lecture 8 Prof.Markus Zahn Page 8 of 136.641, Electromagnetic Fields, Forces, and Motion Lecture 8 Prof. Markus Zahn Page 8 of 13 Courtesy of Hermann A. Haus and James R. Melcher. Used with permission. Courtesy of Hermann A. Haus and James R. Melcher. Used with permission. Courtesy of Hermann A. Haus and James R. Melcher. Used with permission