3生ef棉h的Strategies The effective use of strategies has been shown to be critical to successful language learning,so much so that Canale and Swain (1980)included "strategic competence"among the fou components of conmunicative competence.Research here has also shown significant pedagogical effects. This has given rise to based instruction. strategies3. Learning Strategies • The effective use of strategies has been shown to be critical to successful language learning, so much so that Canale and Swain (1980) included "strategic competence" among the four components of conmunicative competence.Research here has also shown significant pedagogical effects. This has given rise to “strategies￾based instruction