approach, because a general arrangement is a diagram of space and location, which may be minor aspects of certain subsystems. For example, some sub-subsystems occupy practically no space and do not appear on a general arrangement plan Although this chapter will not go further with the system approach than is warranted by the subject of "general arrangement", it should be noted that each of the foregoing subsystems may be further broken down into second-degree subsystems(or sub-subsystems) and these in turn may be further broken down. The complete ship itself is, of course, a subsystem of larger system for the transportation of goods or people from any point on earth to any other point 1. 4 The Problem and the appoach The first step in solving the general arrangement problem is locating the main spaces and their boundaries within the ship hull and superstructure. They are Cargo spaces Machinery spaces Crew, passenger, and associated spaces Tanks Miscellaneous At the same time, certain requirements must be met, mainly Watertight subdivision and integrity Adequate stability Structural integrity Adequate provision for access As stated in the foregoing, the general arrangement is evolved by a gradual progress of trial check and improvement. As for any other problem, the first approach to a solution to the general arrangement must be based on a minimum amount of information, including Required volume of cargo spaces, based on type and amount of carg Method of stowing cargo and cargo handling system Required volume of machinery spaces, based on type of machinery and ship Required volume of tankage, mainly fuel and clean ballast, based on type of fuel, and cruising range. Required standard of subdivision and limitation of main transverse bulkhead spacing Approximate principal dimensions(length, beam, depth, and draft Preliminary lines plan The approximate dimensions and lines plan are base on a preliminary summation of the required volumes for all the aforementioned contents of the ship, a preliminary, estimate of all the weights in the ship, a selection of the proper hull coefficients for speed and power, and adequate freeboard and margin line for subdivision and stability. From the lines plan and margin line, a curve of sectional areas along the length of the ship and a floodable length curve may be made The first general arrangement layout to allocate the main spaces is based on the foregoing information. Peak oulkheads and inner bottom are established in accordance with regulatory body requirements. Other main transverse bulkheads are located to satisfy subdivision requirements based on preliminary floodable length curves. Decks are located to suit the requirements Allowance for ed by structure must be deducted in arriving at the resulting net usable volumes and the clear deck heights Usually, in the first approach, several preliminary general arrangements are laid out in the formapproach, because a general arrangement is a diagram of space and location, which may be minor aspects of certain subsystems. For example, some sub-subsystems occupy practically no space and do not appear on a general arrangement plan. Although this chapter will not go further with the system approach than is warranted by the subject of “general arrangement”, it should be noted that each of the foregoing subsystems may be further broken down into second-degree subsystems (or sub-subsystems) and these in turn may be further broken down. The complete ship itself is, of course, a subsystem of larger system for the transportation of goods or people from any point on earth to any other point. 1.4 The Problem and the approach The first step in solving the general arrangement problem is locating the main spaces and their boundaries within the ship hull and superstructure. They are: Cargo spaces Machinery spaces Crew, passenger, and associated spaces Tanks Miscellaneous At the same time, certain requirements must be met, mainly: Watertight subdivision and integrity Adequate stability Structural integrity Adequate provision for access As stated in the foregoing, the general arrangement is evolved by a gradual progress of trial, check and improvement. As for any other problem, the first approach to a solution to the general arrangement must be based on a minimum amount of information, including: ⚫ Required volume of cargo spaces, based on type and amount of cargo. ⚫ Method of stowing cargo and cargo handling system. ⚫ Required volume of machinery spaces, based on type of machinery and ship. ⚫ Required volume of tankage, mainly fuel and clean ballast, based on type of fuel, and cruising range. ⚫ Required standard of subdivision and limitation of main transverse bulkhead spacing. ⚫ Approximate principal dimensions (length, beam, depth, and draft). ⚫ Preliminary lines plan. The approximate dimensions and lines plan are base on a preliminary summation of the required volumes for all the aforementioned contents of the ship, a preliminary, estimate of all the weights in the ship, a selection of the proper hull coefficients for speed and power, and adequate freeboard and margin line for subdivision and stability. From the lines plan and margin line, a curve of sectional areas along the length of the ship and a floodable length curve may be made. The first general arrangement layout to allocate the main spaces is based on the foregoing information. Peak oulkheads and inner bottom are established in accordance with regulatory body requirements. Other main transverse bulkheads are located to satisfy subdivision requirements, based on preliminary floodable length curves. Decks are located to suit the requirements. Allowance for space occupied by structure must be deducted in arriving at the resulting net usable volumes and the clear deck heights. Usually, in the first approach, several preliminary general arrangements are laid out in the form