3.PHRASE ELEMENTS (X-THEORY) XP-(specifiers)X(complements) X Specifiers(标志语) ×e.g.限定语(DET.)用 1. To help make more 作名词的标志语 precise the meaning ×e.g.修饰语(QUAL.) of the head 用作动词的标志语 2. To have both eg.程度词(DEG.)用 semantic and 作形容词、介词的标 syntactic roles 志语3. PHRASE ELEMENTS (X- THEORY) Specifiers(标志语) 1. To help make more precise the meaning of the head 2. To have both semantic and syntactic roles e.g. 限定语(DET.)用 作名词的标志语 e.g. 修饰语(QUAL.) 用作动词的标志语 e.g. 程度词(DEG.)用 作形容词、介词的标 志语 XP (specifiers) X (complements)