◆ Background ◆ Some Basic Intensity Transformation Functions ◆ Histogram Processing ◆ Fundamentals of Spatial Filtering ◆ Smoothing Spatial Filters ◆ Sharpening Spatial Filters ◆ Combining Spatial Enhancement Methods ◆ Using Fuzzy Techniques *

◼ Introduction of Spatial data ◼ Spatial Query Language ◼ Spatial Index Structures ◼ Spatial Query Process and Optimization

一、Oracle Spatial基本概念 二、Oracle Spatial对象关系模式 三、空间索引和空间查询 四、坐标系统 五、线性参考系统

5.1 Spatial symmetry decompositions Spatial symmetry can often be exploited to solve electromagnetics problems. For analytic solutions, symmetry can be used to reduce the number of boundary conditions that must be applied. For computer solutions the storage requirements can be reduced

第五章空间分析(Spatial Analysis) 第一节空间查询与量算 第二节空间数据的统计分析 第三节空间分析

Two stimulating and innovative papers by Morrill were concerned with waves of spatial diffusion.(Morrill,[1, 2 )The purpose of the first was to propose some insights and interpretations which can be obtained by characteriz ive-like phend Morrill scopic and theoretical implications of such a conceptualization. He was concerned with both time and distance, and noted that in earlier conceptualizations more emphasis had been placed on de ecay re elated to time than on that related to distance. He therefore hypothesized that the number of innovations would de-

§3.1 光源的发光特性 §3.2 杨氏双缝干涉(double slit interference) §3.4 空间相干性（spatial coherence）

SCMC Heart structure Heart is an complex spatial structure Differences in the pathophysiology of cardiac disease Pediatrics: congenital heart disease Adults: atherosclerotic heart disease

Globalization defined 1. The manifestations of globalization include the spatial reorganization of production, the interpenetration of industries across borders, the spread of financial markets, the diffusion of identical consumer goods to distant countries, massive transfers of population within the South as well as from the South and the East to the West, resultant conflicts between immigrant and established communities in formerly tight-knit neighborhoods, and an emerging worldwide

 空间分析技术发展 ❑ 各种地图应用（英国的医学应用） ❑ 定量分析空间对象的分布模式 ❑ 地理空间本身特征、空间决策过程、时空演化过程 等 空间分析发展存在问题 ❑ 地图的直观性，忽视地图信息的解析性和复杂性， 缺少对地图应用的研究 ❑ 数字地图改变了地图的应用方式，展示了更为广阔 的应用领域和更为灵活的应用方式 ❑ 空间分析是GIS区别与其他信息系统的标志，是GIS 技术的一个主要发展方向：管理型想分析决策型转 变