2.2 Estimating Overall Forces -Vertical dead loads(5~10kN/m²) -Vertical live loads = equivalent dead loads(2~5kN/m²) - Horizontal wind load - Horizontal earthquake load 2.3 Aspect Ratios and Overturn Resistance Aspect ratio (h/d) is one of the main considerations in schematic level. It is very important for overall stability of a building against overturning. 2.4 Strength and Stiffness of Buildings Carrying capacity –enough strength (against loads) Rigidity of building – enough stiffness (against deformation) 2.5 Symmetry and Asymmetry in Building Forms Asymmetry building is caused by: - asymmetry of building elevation - asymmetry of supporting system - asymmetry of dead loads or live loads
Computation of Stress, Crack width and Reflection of RC Flexural Members Characteristics of use of reinforced concrete beam during the calculation. The concept of transformed section and the geometric characteristics. The stress state of reinforced concrete short-term checking. Flexural members of the cracks and the maximum width of crack. Deformation of flexural members. Durability of concrete structures