1. Proteins are extremely versatile in function and crucial in virtually all biological processes. 1.1 Almost all chemical reactions occurring in living organisms are catalyzed by enzymes. 1.1.1 Many thousands of enzymes have been discovered, each catalyzing a different kind of chemical reaction
十九世纪末,已经分离得到了许多引起传染病的细菌,但对一些传染病如口蹄疫、烟 草花叶病等却一直无法获得其病原细菌。1892年俄国学者伊万诺夫斯基(Ⅵ B a B KHⅱ)首次发现烟草花叶病的感染因子可以通过细菌滤器。1898年荷兰生物学家贝哲林 克(M.W. Beijerinck)进一步肯定了伊万诺夫斯基的结果,并将这类感染因子称为病毒 ( Virus)