An acid is a substance that can donate (or lose) a proton, A base is a substance that can accept (or remove) a proton

The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal bond. RLi and RMgX are of great importance in organic synthesis

Functional groups The structural features that make it possible to classify compounds by reactivity are called functional groups. A functional group is a part of a larger molecule and is composed of an atom or a group of atoms that have a characteristic chemical behavior. The Chemistry of every organic molecules

Carbon’s ability to form strong covalent bonds to other carbon atoms is the single property of the carbon atom that — more than any other—accounts for the existence of a field of study called organic chemistry. Carbon’s ability to form as many as four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, and to form strong bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms as well

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids

分离过程是将混合物分成组成互不相同的两种或几种产品的操作。 分离操作的作用：①为化学反应提供符合质量要求的原料，清除对反应或催化剂有害的 杂质，减少副反应和提高收率；②对反应产物起着分离提纯作用，以得到合格的产品，并使 未反应的反应物得以循环利用

一、流动类型对反应结果的影响 (a) 对反应液整体均匀照射 (b) 对小部分反应液照射辐射能量相同

Carbonyl compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones,carboxylic acids, and esters

Quinones are an interesting and valuable class of compounds because of their oxidation-reduction, or redox, properties. The redox properties of quinones are important to the functioning of living cells, where compounds called ubiquinones(泛醌) act as biochemical oxidizing agents to mediate the electro-transfer processes involved in energy production

Phenols are like alcohols in being able to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Phenols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight. A modest solubility in water