Data Link Layer (DLC) Responsible for reliable transmission of packets over a link Framing: Determine the start and end of packets(sec 2.5) Error Detection: Determine when a packet contains errors ( sec 2.3) Error recovery: Retransmission of packets containing errors(sec 2. 4) DLC layer recovery May be done at higher layer

1. Introduction This section discusses the legal protection of information and the security issues of computer data and electronic information systems and is organised into four parts: First, it focuses briefly on the basic conceptual distinction between information and data, providing a basis of understanding of the primary object of legal and technical means of protection. Second, access to Government information will be discussed

Structure of XML Data XML Document Schema Querying and Transformation Application Program Interfaces to XML Storage of XML Data XML Applications

Complex Data Types and Object Orientation Structured Data Types and Inheritance in SQL Table Inheritance Array and Multiset Types in SQL Object Identity and Reference Types in SQL Implementing O-R Features Persistent Programming Languages Comparison of Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Databases

Purpose of Database Systems View of Data Database Languages Relational Databases Database Design Object-based and semistructured databases Data Storage and Querying Transaction Management Database Architecture Database Users and Administrators Overall Structure History of Database Systems

Basic Concepts Data-Structure Diagrams The DBTG CODASYL Model DBTG Data-Retrieval Facility DBTG Update Facility DBTG Set-Processing Facility Mapping of Networks to Files

 6.1 Basic Concepts  6.2 Decision Tree Induction  6.3 Bayes Classification Methods  6.4 Rule-Based Classification  6.5 Model Evaluation and Selection  6.6 Techniques to Improve Classification Accuracy

 5.1 Introduction of clustering analysis  5.2 Similarity calculation  5.3 Overview of basic clustering techniques  5.4 Partitioning method  5.5 Hierarchical method  5.6 Clustering based on density and grid  5.7 Clustering based on models  5.8 Outlier analysis

Network layer functions transport packet from sending to receiving hosts network layer protocols in physical every host, router data link physical data link

Chapter 1: Introduction Applications of Database Systems Database Systems versus File Systems View of Data Data Models Database Language Database Users and Administrator Transaction Management Database System Structure Application Architectures