Functional Group Pi bond is the functional group. · More reactive than sigma bond. · Bond dissociation energies:

Types of Alcohol Reactions HH H Dehydration to alkene ·xidation to aldehyde, ketone Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane ·Esterification ·Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether

Definitions Conjugated double bonds are separated by one single bond. Example: 1, 3-pentadiene. Isolated double bonds are separated by two or more single bonds. 1, 4-pentadiene. Cumulated double bonds are on adjacent carbons. Example: 1, 2-pentadiene

Discovery of Benzene Isolated in 1825 by Michael Faraday who determined C: H ratio to be 1: 1. Synthesized in 1834 by Eilhard Mitscherlich who determined molecular formula to be C6H6

Introduction Formula R-O-R where R is alkyl or aryl. Symmetrical or unsymmetrical Examples:

一、解释题 1化合物(1)和(2)进行Sx1水解时其反应速率如所示,请解释

Introduction NMR is the most powerful tool available for organic structure determination. It is used to study a wide variety of nuclei:

Spectroscopy is an analytical technique which helps determine structure. It destroys little or no sample. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is measured as wavelength is varied

Classification Primary: carbon with -OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary: carbon with-OH is bonded to two other carbons. · Tertiary: carbon with-OH is bonded to three other carbons. Aromatic(phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring

5.1下列试剂哪个亲核性强? (1)氨、甲胺;(2)水、乙醇; (3)异丁醇、叔丁醇