Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name with –al. The longest chain selected as the base name must contain the –CHO group, and the –CHO carbon is always numbered as carbon 1
More reactive than benzene toward electrophilic substitution NO2 An deactivating group Less reactive than benzene toward electrophilic substitution Ortho-para director Meta director
The most characteristic reactions of benzenoid arenes are the substitution reactions that occur when they react with electrophilic reagents. The electrophiles are either a positive ion (E+) or some other electron-deficient species with a large partial positive charge
Compounds were classified as being either aliphatic or aromatic in the latter part of the nineteenth century. To be classified as aliphatic meant then that the chemical behavior of a compound was “fatlike”. To be classified as aromatic meant then that the compound had a low hydrogen/carbon ratio and that it was “fragrant
A UV-Vis spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength of the UV and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. λmax— the wavelength of maximum absorption
Conjugated unsaturated systems have a p orbital on a carbon adjacent to a double bond The p orbital can come from another double or triple bond The p orbital may be the empty p orbital of a carbocation or a p orbital with a single electron in it (a radical)
10.3 The Reactions of Alkanes with Halogens 10.3 A Multiple Substitution Reactions Versus Selectivity 10.4 Chlorination of Methane:Mechanism of Reaction
