General introduction Ion channels G-protein coupled receptors Second messengers Tyrosine kinase receptors From plasma membrane to the nucleus: Regulation of gene expression Cytokine signaling Cell cycle Apoptosis
Much of the catalytic power of enzymes comes from their bringing sub- strates together in favorable orientations in enzyme-substrate (ES)com- plexes. The substrates are bound to a specific region of the enzyme called the active site. Most enzymes are highly selective in their binding
Biological Membranes and Transportpart II Passive transport: with the gradient – Water transport—aquaporins – Glucose transporters – Co-transport of chloride and bicarbonate Active transport: against the gradient – Transport ATPases – Ion channels
The term carbohydrate derives from the fact that many of them have a formula that can be simplified to (CH2O)n. Some of these compounds are chemically modified, however, and do not fit the formula due to the modification
