Risk and Return Defining Risk and Return Using Probability Distributions to Measure Risk Attitudes Toward Risk Risk and Return in a Portfolio Context Diversification The Capital Asset Pricing Model(cM)

Fund Analysis, Cash-Flow Analysis, and Financial Planning Flow of Funds(Sources and Uses) Statement Accounting Statement of Cash-Flows- ash- Flow Forecasting Range of Cash-Flow- Estimates Forecasting Financial Statements

Cash and Marketable Securities Management Motives for Holding Cash Speeding Up Cash Receipts Cash Payouts Electronic Commerce

Short-Term Financing Spontaneous Financing Negotiated Financing Factoring Accounts Receivable Composition of Short--term Financing

Capital Budgeting Techniques Project Evaluation and Selection Potential Difficulties Capital Rationing Project Monitoring Post- Completion Audit

Required Returns and the Cost of Capital Creation of Value Overall Cost of Capital of the Firm Project-Specific Required Rates Group-Specific Required Rates

Capital Structure Determination Conceptual Look The Total-Value- Principle Presence of Market Imperfections and Incentive Issues The Effect of Taxes Taxes and Market Imperfections Combined Financial Signaling

The Capital Market Public Issue Privileged Subscription Regulation of Security Offerings Private Placement Initial Financing Signaling Effects The Secondary Market

Long-Term Debt, Preferred Stock, and Common Stock Bonds and Their Features Types of Long-Term- Debt Instruments Retirement of Bonds Preferred Stock and Its Features Rights of Common Shareholders Dual-Class Common Stock

1.说明下列概念和名词 (1)质子酸、质子碱和两性物质; (2)质子酸碱的共轭关系; (3)Lewis酸和 Lewis碱 (4)拉平效应和区分效应; (5)pH和pOH;