Biological Membranes and Transportpart II Passive transport: with the gradient – Water transport—aquaporins – Glucose transporters – Co-transport of chloride and bicarbonate Active transport: against the gradient – Transport ATPases – Ion channels

The term carbohydrate derives from the fact that many of them have a formula that can be simplified to (CH2O)n. Some of these compounds are chemically modified, however, and do not fit the formula due to the modification

Arthur Kornberg (1918- ) of the U.S. produced DNA in a test tube. F. Sanger (1918- ) of Britain developed sequencing procedure for proteins, and later for DNA

Functions of Nucleotides RNA and DNA components serving as energy stores for future use in phosphate transfer reactions. These reactions are predominantly carried out by ATP

Lipids are a class of nonpolar molecules that include the fats, cholesterol, fatty acids, lipid-soluble vitamins, waxes, soaps, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and others. Lipids are found in the membranes of cells, the endoplasmic reticulum and in specialized fat storage cells called adipocytes. Example of lipids

第一节维生素在食品加工贮藏中的变化 第二节矿物质在食品加工贮藏中的变化 ✓ 是构成生物体的组成部分。 ✓ 维持生物体的渗透压。 ✓ 维持机体的酸碱平衡。 ✓ 酶的活化剂。 ✓ 对食品的感官质量有重要作用 重点和难点: 维生素变化的化学机制

1. Choose the correct path taken by a pair of electrons as it travels down the e ectron transport chain:

成都大学：《生物化学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第一章 新陈代谢总论、第二章 糖的分解代谢、第三章 糖原的分解及合成、第四章 脂类的代谢

成都大学：《生物化学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第七章 生物氧化、第八章 核酸的生物合成

主要介绍碱基、核苷、核苷酸和核酸的结构性质和功能,核酸的分离、提纯、鉴定等