The plasma membrane has a dual responsibility as a selective ely permeable barrier and transductor. The plasma membrane regulares the traffic of molecules into and out of the cell. Gases and small hydrophobic molecules by passive diffusion transport; Ions, sugars, amino acids, and sometimes water must be transported by a group of integral membrane proteins including

Chapter 11 Cell proliferation and its regulation Significance: 1. For the growth and development of a multicellular organism, and for the generation of offspring; 2. Produce new organisms in unicellular species; 3. Renew the aging, apoptotic cells, and damaged tissue;

4.10 Bacterial cell surface structures 4.11 Endospores 内生孢子 Properties of Endospores Structure of Endospores Chemical Constitution of Endospores

上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 3 Microbial Cell Biology（3.3）Cell Wall of Prokaryotes：Peptidoglycan and Related Molecules

一、水在人体内的分布 水是所有营养素中最重要的一种,人体若断水三天或失 去体内水分的1/5,将很快导致死亡。 水占体重的百分比因年龄增大而减少如胚胎约含水 98%,新生儿约85%,成人约65%老年人体内水分仅占体重 的50%,人体体液分为cell内液和cel外液。Cel外液包括血浆, 细胞间液、淋巴液、结缔组织和软骨中的水、骨质中的水以 及cell转移液(如唾液等)

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Conventional protein sources 4.3 Single cell protein 4.4 Substrates for SCP production 4.5 Micro-organisms for SCP production

CHAPTER 1 Developmental Anatomy CHAPTER 2 Developmental Genetics CHAPTER 3 Cell-Cell Communication in Development CHAPTER 4 Fertilization CHAPTER 5 Early Development in Selected Invertebrates CHAPTER 6 The Genetics of Axis Specification in Drosophila CHAPTER 7 Amphibians and Fish CHAPTER 8 Birds and Mammals CHAPTER 9 The Emergence of the Ectoderm CHAPTER 10 Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity CHAPTER 11 Paraxial and Intermediate Mesoderm CHAPTER 12 Lateral Plate Mesoderm and the Endoderm CHAPTER 13 Development of the Tetrapod Limb CHAPTER 14 Sex Determination^ CHAPTER 15 Postembryonic Development CHAPTER 16 The Saga of the Germ Line CHAPTER 17 Medical Aspects of Developmental Biology CHAPTER 18 Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis CHAPTER 19 Developmental Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

present on the B-cell membrane and secreted by plasma cells. Membrane-bound antibody con- fers antigenic specificity on B cells; antigen-specific prolifer- ation of B-cell clones is elicted by the interaction of membrane antibody with antigen Secreted antibodies ci culate in the blood, where they serve as the effectors of hu- moral immunity by searching out and neutralizing antigens or marking them for elimination. All antibodies share struc

I. Membrane Resting Potential II Action Potential III Initiation of Action Potential Electrophysiological Method to Record Membrane Potential I Voltage Clamp IV Local Response V Excitation and Excitability of the Tissue

Chapter 3. Techniques in Cell Biology Preparatory observe put forward theoretics Design control tests Refer to knowledge Collect data Explain results Devise conclusion