Space System Software Spacecraft computer systems and their software provide unprecedented capability on orbit, but drive system cost and complexity

of the humoral branch of the immune system Research on complement began in the 1890s, when Jules bordet at the institut pasteur in paris showed that sheep antiserum to the bacterium vibrio cholerae caused lysis of the bacteria and that heating the antiserum destroyed its bacteriolytic activity. Surprisingly, the ability to lyse the bacteria was restored to the heated serum by adding fresh serum that contained no antibodies directed a The Functions of Complement

realized that the immune system could go awry and, instead of reacting against foreign antigens, could focus its attack on self-antigens. He termed this con- dition\horror autotoxicus \We now understand that while mechanisms of self-tolerance normally protect an individual from potentially self-reactive lymphocytes, there are failures They result in an inappropriate response of the immune system against self-components termed autoimmunity In the 1960s, it was believed that all self-reactive lymphocytes

Why use feedback? Reducing effects of nonidealities Reducing Sensitivity to Uncertainties and variability Stabilizing Unstable Systems Reducing Effects of Disturbances Tracking Shaping system response Characteristics(bandwidth/speed

Controllability Definition: An LTI system is controllable if, for every a*(t d every T>0, there exists an input function u(t),0