Morphology & Identification Gram positive Facultative anaerobes Grape like-clusters Catalase positive Major components of normal flora

Symbioses Commensalism: one partner benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism: both partners benefit. Parasitism: one partner benefits at the expense of the other

Bacterial genomics Organisation Linear chromosomes Borrelia burgdorferi Streptomyces coelicolor Multiple chromosomes Vibrio cholerae Plasmids Borrelia burgdorferi

Bacteriophages ( phages ) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery . They are viruses that infect bacteria

The process of destroying all microbial forms. A sterile object is one free of all microbial forms, including bacterial spores

SIZE OF BACTERIA Unit for measurement : Micron or micrometer,μm: 1μm=10-3mm Size: Varies with kinds of bacteria, and also related to their age and external environment

Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Part I: Medical Microbiology Part II: Medical Parasitology

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering Internal Flow Heat Transfer Where we’ve been …… Introduction to internal flow, basic concepts, energy balance

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical EngineeringInternal Flow Heat Transfer Where we’ve been …… Introduction to internal flow, boundary layer growth, entry effects Where we’re going:

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering External Flow: Other Shapes Where we’ve been …… Empirical correlations and analytical solutions Where we’re going: Applications to other shapes (cylinders and spheres)