Electrons surrounding atoms are concentrated into regions of space called atomic orbitals. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the location and the momentum of an atomic particle

Arenes: Nomenclature Monosubstituted benzene derivatives are names as other hydrocarbons using the following set of rules: 1. Benzene is the parent name; when a benzene ring is a substituent on another chain, it is referred to as a \phenyl\ group

教学目标或要求：了解氨基酸的结构，分类，命名。了解多肽结构测定和端基分析。 重点掌握氨基酸的性质和蛋白质的四级结构

This handout describes standard extraction and washing protocols that can be applied to virtually any crude reaction mixture. Aqueous washings are done to remove water soluble impurities from organic products since normally the compound that you desire will be dissolved in Reference

STRUCTURE AND NOMENCLATURE OF PHENOLS Phenol: Compounds that have a hydroxyl group directly attached to a benzene ring For example:

Carbodydrares: polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones or substances that hydrolyze to yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Monosaccharides: simple carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller simpler carbohydrates

Lipids are compounds of biological origin that dissolve in nonopoler solvents. Lipids are defined by the physical operation that we use to isolate them

15.1 Electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions These reactions are of the general type shown below;

5.1 Isomerism: Constitutionalisomers and Stereoisomers 5.2 Enantiomers and chiral

7.1 Introduction 7.2 Homolytic bond dissociation nergies 7.3 The reactions of alkanes with halogens