Information in Competitive Markets In purely competitive markets all agents are fully informed about traded commodities and other aspects of the market. What about markets for medical services, or insurance, or used cars?

Structure Endowments Budget constraints with endowments Net demands Labor supply

Structure Rational constrained choice Computing ordinary demands – Interior solution （内在解） –Corner solution （角点解） – “Kinky” solution Example: Choosing taxes

Properties of Demand Functions Comparative statics analysis （比较 静态分析）of ordinary demand functions -- the study of how ordinary demands x1

Structure Economic profit Short-run profit maximization –Comparative statics Long-run profit maximization Profit maximization and returns to scale Revealed profit maximization

Structure From Individual to Market DemandFunctions Elasticities Revenue and own-price elasticity ofdemand Marginal revenue and price elasticity

Structure Market equilibrium Quantity tax and equilibrium Tax incidence （税收分担） Deadweight loss （额外净损失）

Structure Present and future values Intertemporal budget constraint Preferences for intertemporal consumption Intertemporal choice Comparative statics Valuing securities

Structure Money equivalent of utility gains totrade Consumer’s surplus Changes in consumer’s surplus Compensating and equivalentvariations Producer’s surplus

海南大学：《成本会计》课程教学资源（教案讲义）第三章 成本汇集与分配