Classification of diabetes(ADA -1997) Type 1 .(beta-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) Autoimmune Idiopathic Type2 (may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly secretory defect with or without insulin resistance)
Pili and fimbriae G short, fine, hairlike appendages that are not involved in motility Fimbriae/fimbria: 1000piece/cell, adhesion to host epithelium Sex pill/pilus: 1-10piece/celly sexual conjugation, they are genetically determined by sex factors or conjugative plasmids and are required for bacterial mating Receptors of some bacterial viruses
Effect of laminar shear stress on cell alignment(Dewey eta.1981) Photos removed due to copyright considerations See Dewey, C F, et al. \The dynamic response of vascular endothelial cells to fluid shear stress J Biomech Eng 1981 Aug: 103 (3): 177-85 No flow
11. 4. The nucleolus The most prominent substructure within the nucleus during interphase is the nucleolus. 100 years ago, one found a big spherical structure, called nucleolus within the nucleus, but up until 1960s, it was not identified that the nucleolus is a ribosome production factory designed to fulfill the need for large scale transcription and processing
Many intracellular proteins are required to interact or bind to other macromolecules within a bind DNA. Such proteins often have conserved structural features, called motifs, whis at can cell in order to function properly. One class of such proteins is comprised of proteins tha interact with DNA. One such motif consists of two closely aligned a-helices(shown as cylinders below)that each have leucine-rich regions. This motif is referred to as a leucine
