一、 DEFINITION Fundamental metabolism: water metabolism, mineral nutrition ,photosynthesis, repiration Seed germination,growth, differentiation, flower ing,fertilization

What is Ecology Ecology is the study of relationships between organisms and the environment; Organisms |Ecology Environment

本课程较为全面，系统地阐述基因工程的基本理论和基本概念，并力求反映该学科的最新进展。基因工程是生物学科中的高级课程，主要针对高年级本科生开设。学生在此之前需要掌握普通生物学、遗传学、生物化学、分子生物学等方面的专业知识，以及分析化学、有机化学、无机化学、大学物理等方面的基本知识

10.5 Genetic Recombination 10.6 Genetic Transformation 10.7 Transduction 10.8 Plasmids

8.8 Attenuation 8.9 Other Global Control Networks 8.10 Signal Transduction and Two￾Component egulatory Systems 8.11 Regulation of Chemotaxis

2.4 Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms 2.5 Prokaryotic Diversity 2.6 Eukaryotic Microorganisms 4.4. Cell Morphology and the Significance of BeingSmall 4.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Structure 4.6 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Function 4.8 The Cell Wall of Prokaryotes: Peptidoglycan andRelated Molecules 4.9 The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria

5.1 Microbial Nutrition 5.2 Culture Media 5.3 Laboratory Culture of Microorganisms 6.1 Cell Growth and Binary Fission 6.2 Peptidoglycan Synthesis and Cell Division 6.3 Population Growth 6.4 The Growth Cycle 6.5 Direct Measurements of Microbial Growth 6.6 Indirect Measurements of MicrobialGrowth

6.8 Effect of Environment on Growth 6.9 Microbial Growth at ColdTemperatures 6.10 Microbial Growth at HighTemperatures 6.11 Microbial Growth at Low or High pH 6.12 Osmotic Effects on Microbial Growth 6.13 Oxygen and Microbial Growth

8.1 Major Modes of Regulation 8.2 Inhibiting Enzyme Activity 8.3 Modification of Enzymes 8.4 DNA Binding Proteins 8.5 Negative Control of Transcription:Repression and Induction 8.6 Positive Control of Transcription

4.10 Flagella and Motility 4.11 Gliding Motility 4.12 Bacterial Responses: Chemotaxis,Phototaxis, and other Taxes 4.13 Bacterial Cell Surface Structuresand Cell Inclusions 4.14 Gas Vesicles 4.15 Endospores