Security Attack: Any action that compromises the security of information. Security Mechanism: A mechanism that is designed to detect, prevent, or recover from a security attack. Security Service: A service that enhances the security of data processing systems and information transfers. A security service makes use of one or more security mechanisms

Numbers Integers Real Arithmetic Operations Addition and subtraction Multiplication and division Exponentiation and logarithm

Definitions – Digital Signature - a data string which associates a message with some originating entity – Digital Signature Generation Algorithm – a method for producing a digital signature – Digital signature verification algorithm - a method for verifying that a digital signature is authentic (i.e., was indeed created by the specified entity)

Iterating Block ciphers Definition A product cipher combines two or more transformations in a manner intending that the resulting cipher is more secure than the individual components. Definition An iterated block cipher is a block cipher involving the sequential repetition of an internal function called a round function. Parameters include the number of rounds Nr, the block bitsize n, and the bitsize k of the input key K from which Nr subkeys Ki (round keys) are derived. For invertibility (allowing unique decryption), for each value Ki the round function is a bijection on the round input

Additional key-sizes and block-sizes Ability to function efficiently and securely in a wide variety of platforms and applications low-end smartcards, wireless: small memory requirements IPSec, ATM – small key setup time in hardware B-ISDN, satellite communication – large encryption speed Flexibility

1、算术基本定理 2、同余关系 3、密码学基础

蛋白质的生物合成，即翻译，就是将核酸中由4种核苷酸序列编码的遗传信息，通过遗传密码破译的方式解读为蛋白质一级结构中20种氨基酸的排列顺序

中国矿业大学：密码学_Public Key Cryptography

(一)名词解释 1．单核苷酸(mononucleotide) 2．磷酸二酯键（phosphodiester bonds） 3．不对称比率（dissymmetry ratio） 4．碱基互补规律(complementary base pairing) 5．反密码子（anticodon）

现代高档轿车音响大都设置有防盗功能，以防止高档音响被偷而 造成损坏