Actinomyces A.israelii,A.naeslundii; Gram positive;sulfur granule; Related to decaytooth and peridentitis

Category Spore-forming:rod, Gram (+)--- Clostridium Nonspore-forming:see next slides

Gram-negative rods Curves or comma shaped Non-spore forming Highly motile-single polar flagella Associated with salt water Oxidase positive Facultative anaerobe Tolerate alkaline conditions to

Morphology & Identification Gram-negative non-spore forming rods. When motile, byperitrichous flagella. Primarily normal flora of gastrointestinal tract. E. coli>Klebsiella>Proteus>Enterobacter Free living, also transient colonizers of skin. Facultative anaerobes: mixed acid fermentation

Morphology & Identification Gram positive Facultative anaerobes Grape like-clusters Catalase positive Major components of normal flora

Manifestations of Infection: Signs and symptoms vary according to the site and severity of infection. Diagnosis requires a composite of information, including history, physical examination, radiographic findings, and laboratory data. Microbial Causes of Infection: Infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The pathogen may be exogenous (acquired from environmental or animal sources or from other persons) or endogenous (from the normal flora)

Symbioses Commensalism: one partner benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism: both partners benefit. Parasitism: one partner benefits at the expense of the other

Bacterial genomics Organisation Linear chromosomes Borrelia burgdorferi Streptomyces coelicolor Multiple chromosomes Vibrio cholerae Plasmids Borrelia burgdorferi

Bacteriophages ( phages ) are obligate intracellular parasites that multiply inside bacteria by making use of some or all of the host biosynthetic machinery . They are viruses that infect bacteria

The process of destroying all microbial forms. A sterile object is one free of all microbial forms, including bacterial spores