Market Efficiency - Market Failures Recall that: Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” of the marketplace leads self￾interested buyers and sellers in a market to maximize the total benefit that society can derive from a market

“The best things in life are free. . . ” Free goods provide a special challenge for economic analysis Most goods in our economy are allocated in markets… …for these goods, prices are the signals that guide the decisions of buyers and sellers

The Law of Supply: uFirms are willing to produce and sell a greater quantity of a good when the price of the good is high. uThis results in a supply curve that slopes upward

The Meaning of Competition uA perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: u There are many buyers and sellers in the market

Monopoly While a competitive firm is a price taker, a monopoly firm is a price maker

Imperfect Competition Imperfect competition refers to those market structures that fall between perfect competition and pure monopoly

Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. The Four Types of Market Structure Monopoly Oligopoly Monopolistic Competition Perfect Competition

Factors of Production Factors of production are the inputs used to produce goods and services

(一)教学策略的概念 教学策略的概念,突出强调教学组织实施的计 划性、互动性和学习理论基础。 广义的教学策略,是指在课程与教学目标确定 以后,依据学生的学习规律和特定的教学条件, 灵活机动地选择与组合相关的内容、媒体、评 价技术、组织形式、方法和各种手段等,以便 形成具有效率意义的特定教学方案的原理、原 则和方式。包括教学活动中的学习策略、教授 策略和师生互动的教学策略

1.设计步骤 (1)建立原始状态表和状态图 原始的含义:是指没有经过简化而获得的状态转移表和状态转移图