10.7 The Geometry of Alkyl Radicals 10.8 Reactions That Generate Tetrahedral Stereocenters 10.9 Radical Addition to Alkenes: TheAnti-Markovnikov Addition ofHydrogen Bromide

SN2 reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis because they enable use to convert one functional group into another —— functional group transformation (functional group interconversion)

The C—X bond of alkyl halides is polarized. The carbon atom bears a partial positive charge, The halogen atom a partial negative charge

Quinones are an interesting and valuable class of compounds because of their oxidation-reduction, or redox, properties. The redox properties of quinones are important to the functioning of living cells, where compounds called ubiquinones(泛醌) act as biochemical oxidizing agents to mediate the electro-transfer processes involved in energy production

Phenols are like alcohols in being able to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Phenols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight. A modest solubility in water

10.3 The Reactions of Alkanes with Halogens 10.3 A Multiple Substitution Reactions Versus Selectivity 10.4 Chlorination of Methane:Mechanism of Reaction

第一节 概迷 第二节 性质和颜色反应 第三节 提取和分离 第四节 黄酮类化合物的检识与结构鉴定

16.1 D/A转换器概述 D/A转换器输入的是数字量，经转换后输出的是模拟量。 有关D/A转换器的技术性能指标很多，例如绝对精度、相对精 度、线性度、输出电压范围、温度系数、输入数字代码种类 （二进制或BCD码）等。 1) 分辩率 分辨率是D/A转换器对输入量变化敏感程度的描述，与输 入数字量的位数有关。如果数字量的位数为n，则D/A转换器 的分辨率为2-n。这就意味着数/模转换器能对满刻度的2-n输入 量作出反应

3.3 外消旋体的拆分 3.4 外消旋化与差向异构化 3.5 有机反应中的立体化学 Stereochemistry of Reactions

5.1酸碱质子理论概述 5.2水的解离平衡和pH值 5.3弱酸、弱碱的解离平衡 5.4缓冲溶液 5.5酸碱指示剂 5.6酸碱电子理论与配合物概述 5.7配位反应与配位平衡