厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第八章 醇和醚 Alcohols and Ethers 8.2 醚 Ethers

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第四章 卤代烃 4.4 亲核取代的反应机理 Mechanisms for Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 4.5.1-4.5.3

No addition of bromine No oxidation No hydroation Slow addition at high temperature and pressure

厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第十章 羧酸 Carboxylic Acids 10.5 羧酸的反应 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids

Many other pairs of reagents that form cabocations (orcarbocationlike species) may be used as well

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Leukart Leukart Reaction Reaction

The most characteristic reaction of aldehydes and ketones is nucleophilic addition to the carbon-oxygen double bond

If a chiral atom attached to the carbonyl group, the stereoselectivity of nucleophilic addition follows the Cram’s rule

17.7 Lithium Enolates 17.8 α-Selenation: A Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds 17.9 Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones

The aldols formed in aldol additions can be easily dehydrated to yield conjugated enals (enones)