SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 13.1 The field strength of an NMR spectrometer magnet and the frequency of electromagnetic radia he Ire tion used to observe an NMR spectrum are directly proportional. Thus, the ratio 4.7 T/200 MHz is the same as 1.41/60 MHz. The magnetic field strength of a 60-MHz NMR spectrometer is

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 15.1 The two primary alcohols, 1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-propanol, can be prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding aldehydes

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS functions at both ends. Pentanedial is an acceptable IUPAC name for this compound.hyde 17.1 (b) The longest continuous chain in glutaraldehyd has five carbons and terminates in ald

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 19.1 (b) The four carbon atoms of crotonic acid form continuous chain. Because there is a double bond between C-2 and C-3, crotonic acid is one of the stereoisomers of 2-butenoic acid. The chem

SOLUTIONS TO TEXT PROBLEMS 21.1 Ethyl benz emuale cannor undergo the Claisen condensation, beca use it has no protons on its a- t has ho ts a-carbon on its a- atom and so cannot form an enolate Ethyl pentanoate and ethyl phenylacetate can undergo the Claisen condensation

Chlorotoluene Benzyl chloride Of this group only benzyl chloride is not an aryl halide; its halogen is not attached to the aromatic ring but to an sp-hybridized carbon. Benzyl chloride has the weakest carbon-halogen bond, its measured carbon-chlorine bond dissociation energy being only 293 kJ/mol (70 kcal/mol). Homolytic cleavage of this bond produces a resonance-stabilized benzyl radical

Look at the drawing from a perspective that permits you to see the carbon chain oriented ver tically with the aldehyde at the top and the Ch,oh at the bottom. Both groups should point away from you. When examined from this perspective, the hydrogen is to the left and the hydroxyl to the right with both pointing toward you

The order of decreasing sequence rule precedence is H,N->HSCH2->-Co2\>H- When the molecule is oriented so that the lowest ranked substituent () is held away from us, the order of decreasing precedence traces clockwise path CH,SH Clockwise;thereforeR The reason why L-cysteine has the configuration while all the other L-amino acids have the S configuration lies in the fact that the-CHSH substituent is the only side chain that

CONTENTS Preface xxv INTRODUCTION he Origins of Organic Chemistry 1 Berzelius, Wohler. and vitalism 1 The Structural Theory 3 Electronic Theories of Structure and Reactivity 3

一、果蔬的化学成分及与加工的关系果蔬的化学成分十分复杂,按在水中的溶解性质可分为两大类: (1)水溶性成分:糖类、果胶、有机酸、单宁物质、水溶性维生素、酶、部分含氮物质、部分矿物质等