分类 一、原属于链球菌属D群,具有D抗原 二、1984年命名为肠球菌属 三、共有19种,5个群

Introduction Genetic Defects Neural Tube Defect Mouth/facial defects Limb defects Congenital Heart Defects Summary

1. What is gene therapy? 2. How does gene therapy work? 3. The current status of gene therapy research 4. Factors kept gene therapy effective 5. Some recent developments 6. Some of the ethical considerations

1. Genetic Counselors 2. Who Should See One 3. What to Expect During a Visit 4. After Counseling

1.Genes can be mutated in many ways 2. Somatic versus germline mutations 3. Types of mutation effects

A. Historical background B. Phenotypes in populations C.Genes in populations D.Mapping disease genes E. Complex disorders

复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Single gene disorder_Alexander Endler

1. Indications for prenatal diagnosis 2. Methods for obtaining fetal tissues for prenatal diagnosis 3. Analytical methods 4. New methods for prenatal diagnosis

A.The human genome and its chromosomes B. The origin of chromosome abnormalities C. Chromosome disorders

◼ Introduction of the basic concepts 2. What Causes Cancer? ◼ Genetic underpinnings of cancer ◼ Three types of Cancer Critical Genes ◼ Cancer initiation and progression 3. How to Prevent and Diagnose Cancer? ◼ Utilization the knowledge we learned from cancer genetics Outline