1. 业务建模概述 业务建模是对问题域的工作过程建模。不同于软件 系统建模，但它是系统建模的依据。 开发软件系统的主要问题是：系统的需求是不是用 户的真正需求？怎样才能知道用例分析中得到的用例 集完全满足了用户的需求？ 业务建模可以较准确地捕获需求，能够为软件系统 分析设计提供依据

1. Web建模的基本概念 Web建模主要考虑两个方面的问题： （1）如何表示Web应用系统的体系结构（运行机制） （2）如何表示Web应用系统中一些特有的概念 （Web页中的元素）

7.1 User Centred Design Software development should focus on the needs of users Understand your users Design software based on an understanding of the users’tasks Ensure users are involved in decision making processes

Procedural paradigm: Software is organized around the notion of procedures Procedural abstraction —Works as long as the data is simple Adding data abstractions —Groups together the pieces of data that describe some entity

The process by which a software engineer learns about the domain to better understand the problem: The domain is the general field of business or technology in which the clients will use the software A domain expert is a person who has a deep knowledge of the domain

The recurring aspects of designs are called design patterns. A pattern is the outline of a reusable solution to a general problem encountered in a particular context Many of them have been systematically documented for all software developersto use

Interaction diagrams are used to model the dynamic aspects of a software system They help you to visualize how the system runs. An interaction diagram is often built from a use case and a class diagram. —The objective is to show how a set of objects accomplish the required interactions with an actor

10.1 Basic definitions A failure is an unacceptable behaviour exhibited by a system —The frequency of failures measures the reliability —An important design objective is to achieve a very low failure rate and hence high reliability. —A failure can result from a violation of an explicit or implicit requirement

2. 储蓄系统数据流图 3. 机票预订系统数据流图 4. 患者监护系统数据流图

一、机票预订系统ER图 二、患者监护系统ER图