An overview on D-glucose metabolism The major fuel of most organisms,4'o=-2840kJ/mole if completely oxidized to CO, and H, via the glycolysis pathway, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (generating ATP). Can also be oxidized to make NADPH and ribose-5-P via the pentose phosphate pathway
The surplus amino acids in animals can be completely oxidized or converted to other storable fuels Amino acids in excess (from diet, protein turnover) can neither be stored, nor excreted, but oxidized to release energy or converted to fatty acids or glucose. Animals also utilize amino acid for energy generation during starvation or in diabetes mellitus
6.1 An Introduction to Enzymes 191 H20 in the presence of oxygen is a highly exergonic 6.2 How Enzymes Work 193 process, releasing free energy that we can use to think an I 6.3 Enzyme Kinetics as an Approach to Understanding main on the shelf for years without any obvious con-
一、TCA循环的发现 Sir Hans Adolf Krebs 德国科学家 Hans Krebs Great Britain 1937年提出,1953年获得诺 Sheffield University 贝尔奖,并被称为ATP循环 Sheffield, Great Britain (柠檬酸循环)之父。 1900-1981 Biography 葡萄糖通过糖酵解产生的丙酮酸,在有氧条件下,将 进入三羧酸循环进行完全氧化,生成H2O和CO2,并 释放出大量能量。丙酮酸的有氧氧化包括两个阶段: