A. Historical background B. Phenotypes in populations C.Genes in populations D.Mapping disease genes E. Complex disorders

复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Single gene disorder_Alexander Endler

1. Indications for prenatal diagnosis 2. Methods for obtaining fetal tissues for prenatal diagnosis 3. Analytical methods 4. New methods for prenatal diagnosis

A.The human genome and its chromosomes B. The origin of chromosome abnormalities C. Chromosome disorders

◼ Introduction of the basic concepts 2. What Causes Cancer? ◼ Genetic underpinnings of cancer ◼ Three types of Cancer Critical Genes ◼ Cancer initiation and progression 3. How to Prevent and Diagnose Cancer? ◼ Utilization the knowledge we learned from cancer genetics Outline

A. Historical Background B. Patterns of inheritance C. Genetic mutations D. Prenatal diagnosis

复旦大学：《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）Chromosome related diseases and Chromosomal disorders Alexander Endler

1. General 2. oncogene 3. Tumor Suppressor Genes 4. Multi-stage Carcinogenesis

Medical Genetics Mutations (changes) in the mitochondrial chromosome are responsible for a number of disorders

概述 门静脉高压症(portal hypertension,PH): 是指由各种原因引起的门静脉系统血流受阻和 (或)血流量增加,导致门静脉及其属支血管 压力升高,临床表现为脾大、门腔静脉侧支循 环形成和开放以及腹水。 ·正常门静脉压约在1.27~2.35kPa(13~ 24cmH2O)之间,平均为 1.76ka(18cmH2O)左右。门静脉高压时, 压力大都增至2.9~4.9kPa(30~ 50cmH20