Thorndike called the association between sense impressions and impulses to action a bond or a connection. This marked the first formal attempt to link sensory events to behavior. Earlier brands of associationism attempted to show how ideas became linked together; thus Thorndike's

Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

Received bachelor’s degree in Hamilton College in New York, majored in English literature. He decided to be a writer.(influenced by Robert Frost)

《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》：学前儿童艺术教育生命化价值取向研究（东北师范大学：陈蓉晖、刘霞）

Affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg (Professor from 1890; Director from 1902); Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg Worked on the physiology of circulation and digestion In 1904,he won Nobel Prize for his work on the physiology of digestion

Anything that can be learned from direct experience can also be learned by indirect or vicarious experience

Development refers to the ways people grow, adapt, and change during their lifetimes. physical development, personality development, socioemotional development, cognitive development(thinking), and language development

The foundation of E.P.: before 1920s Wundt,1879: methodology James, “Talks to the teachers” 1899; “The principles of psychology”1890; Dewey: apply psychology to education

《中小学美术教学论》课程教学资源（文献资料）美国中小学：重振艺术教育

1918-1959, worked at Uni. of California. His stay at Uni. of California was interrupted, when he was dismissed for refusing to sign a loyalty oath. He led a fight against the loyalty oath as an infringement （违反，侵害） on academic freedom and was