Overall Strategies Defense against complement Subversion of phagocytosis Subversion of immune responses

Types of chemotaxins – C5a attracts neutrophils and monocytes – Made by bacteria Peptide clipped off N-terminus (beginning with N￾formylmethionine) during peptide maturation after protein synthesis

《微生物学》课程教学资源（参考资料）微生物基本术语（英汉对照词汇）

Constitutive Defenses Barriers to entry – See Schaechter text, Table 6.1 Mucous membranes—covered by protective layer of mucus – Mechanical and chemical barrier that allows proper functioning

Operon fusion: transcriptional – Promoter from foreign gene – Translational sequence from reporter gene

《金陵科技学院学报》：中国安息香属植物的形态特征及自然地理分布

Choosing an Animal Model Pathogen may not affect animal at all -OR￾may give different symptoms Given disease may have a number of animal models, none of which fully satisfies characteristics of disease

General aspects – Remember definition: organisms frequently found on or within body of healthy individuals – Most are bacteria, but some are viruses, fungi, and protozoa

Microbial pathogenesis—process of causing disease Colonization—presence of microbes at site of body – Does not imply tissue damage or disease symptoms – Does imply invasion of site and multiplication

American Legion Convention in 1976 in Philadelphia hotel – Respiratory distress and fever – 200 affected – 34 died