Structure Describing technologies Production set or technology set Production function Isoquant Marginal product Returns to scale Technical rate of substitution well- behaved technologies Long run and short run

Structure Types of cost curves Fixed, variable and total cost functions Average fixed, average variable and average cost functions Marginal cost functions Marginal and variable cost functions Marginal and average cost functions Short run and long run cost curves

Structure From Individual to Market Demand Functions Elasticities Revenue and ownprice- elasticity of demand Marginal revenue and price elasticity

Structure on -collusive- moves Simultaneous moves Quantity competition -Cournot model Price competition- Bertrand model Sequential moves Quantity leadership- Stakelberg model Price leadership Collusion

Mission of Economists Gary Becker: believe that the main purpose of economics is to understand and help to alleviate poverty\ Who are the poor? How can one help?

How Should a Monopoly Price? So far a monopoly has been thought of as a firm which has to sell its product at the same price to every customer. This is uniform pricing. Can price-discrimination-(差别定价 ) earn monopoly higher profits?

Structure What causes monopoly Profit-maximizing- choices of monopoly Markup pricing Taxing monopoly Inefficiency of monopoly Natural monopoly(自然垄断)

Effects of a Price Change What happens when a commodity's price decreases? Substitution effect(替代效应):the commodity is relatively cheaper, so consumers substitute it for now relatively more expensive other commodities

1. Binary Choice Model for Panel Data

一、问题的提出 二、泊松回归模型 三、泊松回归模型的扩展