西安建筑科技大学：《水资源利用与保护》学习资料_中国水资源_water supply in Xian

– Some definition – Isoprofit curve – Demand function and it’s properties – supply function and it’s properties – Profit function and it’s properties

Meaning of Money As the word money is used in everyday conversation, it can mean many things, but to economists, it has a very specific meaning. To avoid confusion, we must clarify how economists’ use of the word money. Economists define money (money supply) as anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods or services or in the repayment of debts. 货币（货币供应）定义为在商品和劳务或债务偿 还中被普遍接受的任何东西

I guess I have to come out to reply to those who concern with the nature rate of unemployment. First, What is the natural rate of unemployment? It is assumed to be the unemployment rate at the steady state or equilibrium. Note that equilibrium here is not referred to the common demand-supply equilibrium, but to a state at which things are not changed, or remain the same. More specifically, suppose we can have an economy that could be expressed by the following dynamic system

I guess I have to come out to reply to those who concern with the nature rate of unemployment. First, What is the natural rate of unemployment? It is assumed to be the unemployment rate at the steady state or equilibrium. Note that equilibrium here is not referred to the common demand-supply equilibrium, but to a state at which things are not changed, or remain the same. More specifically, suppose we can have an economy that could be expressed by the following dynamic system

What is money? Notes Coins Current deposits （活期存款） other deposits with banks（银行的其它存款） Currency(现金) M3 = C + D

Elasticity… … is a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions … allows us to analyze supply and demand with greater precision

The Theory of Consumer Choice The theory of consumer choice addresses the following questions: – Do all demand curves slope downward? – How do wages affect labor supply? – How do interest rates affect household saving?

Structure Endowments Budget constraints with endowments Net demands Labor supply

一、供应链：(Supply chain) 1、概念：所谓供应链也称物流网络，是指产品生产和流通过程中所涉及的原材料供应商、生产企业、批发商、零售商及最终消费者组成的供需网络