参考教材 本讲义的主要参考教材 [][美]Katsuhiko Ogata著,卢伯英,于海勋等译,《现代控制工 程》(第三版),电子工业出版社,2000年。 [2]郑大钟编著,《线性系统理论》,清华大学出版社,1990年。 [3]常春馨主编,《现代控制理论基础》,机械工业出版社,1988 年

一、了解胎儿循环及出生后的变化 二、熟悉先天性心脏病的病因和分类,诊断方法 三、掌握常见先心病的血液动力学、临床表现常见并发症、诊断和治疗原则

一、是一种少年儿童常见的结缔组织病 One of the most common connective tissue diseases of children 二、以慢性关节炎(滑膜炎)为主要特点 Characterized by chronic arthritis (synovitis of the joints) 三、多脏器受累,如肝脾肿大、淋巴结肿大、浆膜炎(心包积液)等 Visceral involvement ,such as hepatosplenomegaly, lym- phadenopathy and serositis (pericardial effusion)

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Definition PEM is manifested primarily by inadequate dietary intakes of protein and energy. PEM is almost always accompanied by deficiencies of other nutrient. PEM can be divided as primary PEM and secondary PEM

Diseases of the Blood in Children Anemias Nutritional anemias (Iron deficiency iron) Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency Thalassemia Bleeding disorders(Hemorrhagic diseases) ITP Hemophilia

一、小儿血液系统疾病 Diseases of erythrocytic system: 二、红细胞系统疾病: Hematopoietic substances deficiency; 三、造血原料缺乏; Nutritional iron deficiency anemia 四、营养性缺铁性贫血 nutritional megaloblastic anemia 五、营养性幼性贫血

Hematologic Disorders of Children 一、小儿血液系统疾病 Diseases of erythrocytic system: 二、红细胞系统疾病: Hematopoietic substances deficiency; 三、造血原料缺乏; Nutritional iron deficiency anemia 四、营养性缺铁性贫血 nutritional megaloblastic anemia

Classification of Newborn 1、 Gestational age(胎龄) 足月儿: fullterm infant, mature infant∞37w~<42w 早产儿: preterm infant, premature infant<37w 过期产儿: postterm infant≥42w

1. Causes Hypoxia Perinatal asphyxia, apnea, respiratory failure, right to left shunt Ischemia Heart arrest, Heart failure, Shock