§4.1 序言、热力学概论 §4.2 热力学基本概念及术语 §4.3 热力学第一定律(first law of thermodynamics) §4.4 恒容热、恒压热与焓 §4.5 热容(heat capacity) §4.6 热力学第一定律的一些应用 §4.7 第一定律对化学反应的应用——热化学

Inertial reference frames In the previous lecture, we derived an expression that related the accelerations observed using two reference frames, A and B, which are in relative motion with respect to each other. aA =aB+(aA/ B)'y'' 22 x (DA/ B) 'y'2'+ TA/B+ X TA/B). (1) Here, aA is the acceleration of particle A observed by one observer, and

When the only force acting on a particle is always directed to- wards a fixed point, the motion is called central force motion. This type of motion is particularly relevant when studying the orbital movement of planets and satellites. The laws which gov- ern this motion were first postulated by Kepler and deduced from observation. In this lecture, we will see that these laws are a con- sequence of Newton's second law. An understanding of central

Chapter 13 temperature, heat transfer, and first law of thermodynamics Thermodynamics study the thermal energy (often 10\ -Universe just after beginning called the internal energy) of systems

Lecture D32: Damped Free Vibration Spring-Dashpot-Mass System k Spring Force Fs =-kx, k>0 Dashpot Fd =-cx, c>0 Newton's Second Law (mx =EF) mx +cx+kx (Define)Natural Frequency wn=k/m,and

Adiabatic process In Fig. PⅤ: In reversible process the work A(ply done (below the line ab) is Blp: l: big than the work done (below the line ac)in adiabatic C(:'V,) reversible process

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Expressions of concentration 4.3 Partial molar properties 4.4 Two empirical laws in dilute liquid solutions 4.5 Chemical potential of each component in gaseous mixtures 4.6 Liquid mixtures 4.11 Distribution law 4.10 Non-ideal liquid solutions 4.9 Gibbs-Duhem relations 4.8 Colligative properties in dilute liquid solutions 4.7 Chemical potential of each component in dilute liquid solutions

3.7 热力学第二定律的本质和熵的统计意义 3.8 Concentrating on the system

（一)定义(definition) 从物质的物理现象和化学现象 的联系入手来探求化学变化基本 规律的一门学科,是整个化学学 科和化学工艺学的理论指导

Ohm's law states that voltage across many types of conducting materials is directly proportional to the current flowing through the material. U= Ri or R= i R--resis tance()( linear resistor) The resistor is a passive element that cannot deliver power or store energy