一、填空题：（20 分） 1．广告主要事先制定一个能够表明某段时间内所打算进行的各项广告活动的经费开支的方案。制定这一方案的过程，就是________________________________的过程。 2．广告预算对于实现广告目的具有_________________________意义

一、评价环境的技术 二、预算 三、作业计划工具 四、时间管理

The two middle terms are zero: fort>lo,n(t) and are uncorrelated becauset) is white(impulse correlation function) For=, n() has a finite effect on x()because n() is white. But the integral of a finite quantity over one point is zero

The estimate of x based on N data points can then be made without reprocessing the first N, points. Their effect can be included simply by starting with pseudo observation which is equal to the estimate based on the first N points having a variance equal to the variance of the estimate based on N The same is true of the variance of the estimate based on N

一、项目评估和选择的方法 二、潜在的困难 三、资金分配 四、项目监测 五、事后审计

The quantity K2 is known as the Kalman gain. It is the optimum gain in the mean squared error sense. Substitute it into the expression for

If the system reaches a statistical steady state the covariance matrix would be constant. The system would have to be invariant

This means that in the cascade of Ho(s) with F(s), the effect of the RHP zero on the amplitude of the product is cancelled out, but the effect on the phase is not In fact, the phase lag due to the RHP zero is doubled in the product. Note:

Special case: [(P)] is rational: In this solution formula we can carry out the indicated integrations in literal form in the case in which [(P)] is rational. In our work, we deal in practical way only with rational,sn, and, so this function will be rational if D(p)is rational This will be true of every desired operation except predictor. Thus except in the case of prediction, the above

For the differential system characterized by its equations of state,specialization to invariance means that the system matrices A, B,C are constants