对于中规模、大规模和某些VLSI的IC,前面介绍的基本光刻工艺完全适用,然而 ,对于ULSI/VLSI IC 这些基本工艺已经明显力不能及。在亚微米工艺时代,某些光刻工艺在0.3µm以下明显显示出它的局限性。存在地问题主要包括:光学设备的物理局限;光刻胶分辨率的限制;晶园表面的反射现象和高低不平现象等
REGIONAL STRESS REGIMES (ANDERSON THEORY OF FAULTING) 2 is located parallel to the fault plane, normal to the direction of slipl 3 is located normal to o, and o2/ Earth's surface is a principal plane of stress Ideal fault geometry